KNOWLEDGE SHARING SESSION-01

HVAC RISER SHAFTS

BY:- Alampally Rakesh
Date:- 05-11-2019

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 TODAY WE WILL COVER…

1. INTRODUCTION ON SHOP DRAWING

2. DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER FOR DUCTS & PIPES
3. SELECTION OF SUPPORTS SYSTEM
4. DUCTS SUPPORTS SPACING
5. PIPE SUPPORTS SPACING

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 INTRODUCTION ON SHOP DRAWING

What is Shop Drawing?

The shop drawing is the contractor's drawn version of information shown in the construction documents. The shop
drawing shows more detail than the construction documents. It is drawn to explain the contractor's installation crews.

Why are shop drawings required?

The purpose of the shop drawings is to provide the contactor with sufficient detail to make certain that the items set forth
in the shop drawings are properly and safely constructed.
projects proceed without the necessary shop drawings or with shop drawings that contain errors.

Who uses shop drawings?

A shop drawing is a drawing or set of drawings produced by the contractor, supplier, manufacturer, subcontractor, or
fabricator. Shop drawings are typically required for prefabricated components.

What is responsible for shop drawings?

The Contractor and designers responsibilities include: dimensions which shall be confirmed and correlated with job site
conditions, information that pertains solely to fabrication processes, means, methods, techniques, sequences and
procedures of construction, safety precautions and programs in connection with the Work, coordination of his Work with
that of all other disciplines.

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 DUCT SIZING

ENGINEER CONTRACTOR
Design Considerations: • Construction Considerations:
• CFM Panel Thickness (Gage)
• Static Pressure Duct Size
• Pressure Class (as specified) Panel
• Fitting Type
Width/Height
• Construction Pressure Class
• Joint Type/Spacing
• Intermediate Reinforcement
Type/Spacing

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 DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER DUCTS
What is Riser?
A diagram (two-dimensional, in a vertical plane) which shows the major items of ducting, piping and equipment in a
building; displays, floor by floor, the feeders and major items of equipment.
The purpose of Riser ductwork is to deliver air from the fan to the multiple floors which distribute the air to the room.

Types of Risers for example

stairs and lifts, ductwork, pipes, conduits and cables

Who to decide on the shaft size and location?

A joint architectural team /mechanical team decision.

What are the Duct Design Criteria?

•Space Availability
•Installation Cost
•Air Friction Losses
•Noise Level
•Duct heat transfer and Airflow leakage
•Codes and standard requirements
•Safety
•Maintenance

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 DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER DUCTS

 Which one is Right Option for better Installation at site and Why?

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 DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER DUCTS
• Below images shows the typical Observations in few Projects Shaft and duct sizes both are same.
• NO Space between the Multiple riser ducts.
DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER DUCTS
The following diagrams provide general clearances, but
consult with an HVAC engineer for the needs of a
particular system.
The below Common mistakes will comes in always and
Important Aspects When sizing duct shafts, designer
must account for….
 The designer must also consider structure or deck/slab
edges
 Type of Ducts supports (steel supports)
 Duct flanges
 Take-offs
 Dampers
 Insulation
 Better accessibility for installation/ Maintenance
What are the Disadvantages and implications of leaking ducts :

• All of the ductwork issues lead to reduced airflow for heating and air conditioning.
• Leaky air ducts can significantly increase building heating or cooling costs and can lead to other building or even health
worries.
• In humid areas, the leaks in supply ducts can result in condensation which accelerates the deterioration of the sheet
metal.
• The same applies to kitchen exhaust where the hot humid air leaks to cool spaces inside or outside of the building.
• The major problem on the performance of the duct systems comes from air not being effectively delivered to the
occupied space.
• Short circuiting of conditioned air is another common issue in leaky ducts where supply air entered the return stream by
passing the occupied zone.
•Difficulties can arise with meeting statutory levels of access to safely maintain the installation if space is inadequate.
•In extreme cases a significant amount of additional work may have to be undertaken after completion of the building to
ensure compliance with statutory requirements.

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Why are ducts not being effectively sealed?
There are lots of factors contributing to the poor sealing of ducts.
• Usually the main issues are related to limited assessable work space around ducts.
•It can be caused by design issues or site constraints.
•Usually problems occur when ducts are installed too close to the underside of the slab or structure, which has
restricted the installers ability to install cleats near the centre of the duct joints.
• In some cases, the installer can put the cleat in place with telescopic tools but accessibility issues disallow an
inspection to understand how well the cleat is holding the joint together.
•The other common issue is, not having enough room to install the custom pieces after all the standard sections
have been installed, connecting all the ductwork to the riser.

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 DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER DUCTS
Examples of Riser ducts

SCAFFOLDING ARRANGEMENT FOR DUCT INSTALLATION

TYPICAL SUPPORTS FOR RISER DUCTS

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TDF FLANGE TYPE DUCT NUTS AND BOLTS TO JOIN THE DUCT WITHOUT CLEATES B/W TWO DUCTS

CLEATES TYPES CLEATES FIXING ARRANGEMENT

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 SUPPORTS

What is Support?
A pipe support or pipe hanger is a designed element that transfer the load from a pipe to the supporting structures.

The four main functions of a pipe support are to anchor, guide, absorb shock, and support a specified load

Pipe design as per the overall design configuration of a pipe support assembly is dependent on the loading and
operating conditions.

Different Loads on piping system

• Primary Loads
• Sustained Loads
• Occasional Loads
• Secondary Loads

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 SUPPORTS
Different Loads on piping system

Primary Load - These are typically steady or sustained types of loads such as internal fluid pressure, external
pressure, gravitational forces acting on the pipe.

Sustained Loads- It is the self weight of pipe including fluid, weight of fittings & other inline components
(say valve, insulation etc.)

Occasional Loads - wind load, seismic load (earth-quake load), snow load , ice load, flood load, fire load, vehicle
passing load (under ground piping), tsunami loads, and cyclone load.

•Wind Load: Piping which are located outdoors and thus exposed to wind will be designed to withstand the
maximum wind velocity expected during the plant operating life.
•Seismic Load : Seismic load is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering.
•Water Hammer : Water hammer (or more generally, fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a
fluid (usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas) in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly.
•Steam hammer : Steam hammer, the pressure surge generated by transient flow of super-heated or saturated
steam in a steam-line due to sudden stop valve closures is considered as an occasional load.
•Safety Valve Discharge : Reaction forces from relief valve discharge is considered as an occasional load.

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 SUPPORTS
Secondary Load - secondary loads are caused by displacement of some kind.

Displacement Loads:
Load due to Thermal Expansion of pipe
Load due to Thermal movement of Equipment

For example- pipe may vibrate due to vibrations in the rotating equipment it is attached.

A pipe may experience expansion or contraction once it is subjected to temperatures higher or lower respectively as
compared to temperature at which it was assembled.

Standards : Design: ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, ASME Section VIII Pressure Vessels
Manufacturing: MSS-SP58 (Material, Design, Manufacture, Selection, Application & Installation

Types of pipe supports

Rigid Support – The supports are used to restrict pipe in certain direction(s) without any flexibility (in that direction).
Main function of a rigid support can be Anchor, Rest, Guide or both Rest & Guide.

Spring Support - Spring supports (or Flexible supports) use helical coil compression springs ( to accommodate
loads and associated pipe movements due to thermal expansions)
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SUPPORTS

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PIPE SUPPORTS

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 TYPE OF PIPE SUPPORTS

AS PER MSS Standard Practices SP-58 Pipe Hangers & Supports, Materials, Design, and
Manufacture

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 TYPE OF SUPPORTS

AS PER MSS Standard Practices SP-58 Pipe Hangers & Supports, Materials, Design, and
Manufacture

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DUCTS SUPPORTS

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DUCTS SUPPORTS

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 DUCTS SUPPORTS SPACING
Installing New Sheet Metal ducts

Follow SMACNA HVAC Duct Construction Standards-Metal Flexible requirements;

 HORIZONTAL DUCTS
In many structures, the joint is the weakest point, so that is where the support is. Duct joints, however, are normally strong
enough to permit maximum hanger spacing at 8 (2.44) or 10 foot (3.05 m) intervals, even with one or two intermediate
joints.

RISER DUCTS
Rectangular riser should be supported by angles or channels secured to the sides of the duct with welds, bolts, sheet
metal screws.
Riser support intervals should be at one or two story intervals, i.e., 12 feet (3.66m) to 24 feet (7.32m), as suitable for
loading.

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SUPPORTS ARRANGEMENT FROM FLOOR

HANGING SYSTEM SELECTION

• In any multiple hanger system, the failure of one hanger transfers that its load
to adjacent hangers.
• If one of these fails, an even greater load is transferred to the next.
• The result is a cascading failure in which an entire run of duct might fall.
•The selection of a hanging system should not be taken lightly not only because
it involves a significant portion of the erection labor, but also because an
inadequate hanging system can be disastrous.
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SUPPORTS ARRANGEMENT FROM WALL

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SUPPORTS ARRANGEMENT FROM FLOOR

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SUPPORTS ARRANGEMENT FROM FLOOR

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SUPPORTS ARRANGEMENT FROM FLOOR

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Comments , questions, thoughts ……

12/20/2019 2:28 AM
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 DESIGNING OF SHAFT RISER DUCTS

Continuous design revisions

•Loss of morale is a reality on disrupted jobs, with real cost consequences in productivity.
•productivity itself, affected by serial design modifications.
•Reworks are impacts on time and cost of project.
•Fixing of duct joints are probably the most common failure.
•Air terminal accessories must be easy to access.

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What are the difficulties of retrofitting or repairing non-complying ductwork? How costly can be this,
particularly compared to doing it correctly the first time?

Space availability and accessibility are the key problems. It is not easy to seal all seams and hole while the
ducts are on the ground before installation. It is also tough to apply mastic in tight spaces afterward. In
certain situations, it is virtually impossible to retrofit duct sealing using conventional methods, such as riser
ducts inside speedwall risers as well as ducts above highly ornamented plaster ceiling.

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 Having a Point of View is Key to Any Designer’s
Success
It’s not just about the work, It’s how you convey it

I have seen many designers, including myself, present ideas, but only to fall short because we couldn’t tell a
strong story behind what the project was and why was it important.

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