Head 1: Introduction to IR
• Introduction to International Relations (contd.)
• Actors in International Relations
Hassan Ali Gondal (03335993703) 1
Head 1: Introduction to IR
• Introduction to International Relations (contd.)
• Levels of Analysis
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Head 1: Introduction to IR
• Introduction to International Relations (contd.)
• Levels of Analysis
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Head 1: Introduction to IR
• Introduction to International Relations (contd.)
• Levels of Analysis
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Head 1: Introduction to IR
• Introduction to International Relations (contd.)
• Levels of Analysis
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Head 1: Introduction to IR
• Introduction to International Relations (contd.)
• Levels of Analysis
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Vicious cycle
1
Anarchic
Structure
4 B.O.P International 2 Security
Structure Dilemma
3 Power
Maximizati
on
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Head 2: Theories & Approaches
Topic 7: Constructivism
• Comparison
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Head 5: Strategic Approach + WMD
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Head 5: Strategic Approach + WMD
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The two faces of nuclear energy
More nuclear reactors could
decrease US reliance on oil, Cheap electricity via
reducing influence of mideast nuclear reactors, es- Spent nuclear fuel rods
oil-producing countries pecially for 3rd world can be a target for terrorists
BUT ARE THEY SAFE?
Possession of centrifuges means both LEU
and HEU uranium can be produced Plutonium can be re-
Fission of processed from spent
uranium 235 nuclear fuel rods
or plutonium
releases energy
Atomic weapons
for nations and
for terrorists
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Head 5: Strategic Approach + WMD
Topic 9: Proliferation, WMD and Non-Proliferation
1. Non-Proliferation Treaty
First Pillar Second Pillar Third Pillar
Non-Proliferation Disarmament Peaceful Use
I - Not Receive, IV –
VI- Negotiations
Manufacture, Development of
and Treaties
Acquire Civil Program
II - Not Receive V – Support to
any Assistance NNWS
III - Safeguards
of IAEA
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Head 6: International Political Economy
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Head 7: Historical Concepts
Topic 3: C) Russian Revolution
• The Workers October Revolution of 1917
– New government === Lenin (workers’ government) === Revolutionary measures:
• expropriation of land and division among the peasants
• factories taken over by workers’ committees
• Brest-Litovsk Treaty (1918)
– Elections in November 1917 ==== 25 % for Bolsheviks ==== Lenin dissolved the Assembly (fear
of counter-revolutionaries) === End of political pluralism.
"[Because] the proletariat is still so divided, so degraded, so corrupted in parts ... that an
organization taking in the whole proletariat cannot directly exercise proletarian dictatorship. It
can be exercised only by a vanguard that has absorbed the revolutionary energy of the class.“
(Lenin)
• Civil War (198-1921)
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Head 7: Historical Concepts
Topic 3: C) Russian Revolution
• Civil War (198-1921)
– Civil War ====== Misery, food shortages, political reprisals, etc.
– War communism ===== Collectivisations, nationalisations, harvests to the State.
– Summer 1918 ==== Romanov family executed.
– 1921 === Red Army defeats the White Army === Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in power ===
Prosecution of political rivals, repression of counter-revolutionary activities (Cheka).
• Formation of USSR
– 1922 === Formation of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics (USSR).
– Power in the hands of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU)
– Other parties banished
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Head 8: Foreign Policy and Organizations
Topic 2: Russian Foreign Policy
• Present Foreign Policy Concerns of Russia
Eastward
Expansion of
EU and NATO
BRICS +AIIB BRICS
Russia +
Syria
China
Ukraine
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Head 8: Foreign Policy and Organizations
Topic 3: Chinese Foreign Policy
• Manifestations of Contemporary Chinese Foreign Policy
One
Belt
One String
Going Road of
Latin
Pearls
SCS+EC
Chinese AIIB
S
Rise
Trajector
y
Iran BRICS
Russia CPEC
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Head 8: Foreign Policy and Organizations
Topic 4: Indian Foreign Policy
• Current Challenges to Indian Foreign Policy
Arab World Rise of China
Revival of
UAE +
Africa
SARABIA
String of
G-20
Pearls
Challenges
Energy
BRICS
Securitization
Look East
ASEAN
Policy
WTO EAS
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 01: Analytical Overview of South Asia
• Map of South Asia
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 01: Analytical Overview of South Asia
• Comparison of Area and Population
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 01: Analytical Overview of South Asia
• Principal Motivations for Security Manifestations
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 01: Analytical Overview of South Asia
• Key Motivations for Security
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 01: Analytical Overview of South Asia
• India Centric Disputes and Security Paradigm
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Palestine Issue
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 04: Palestine Issue
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
• Important Choke Points
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
• Chinese Dragon – String of Pearls Strategy
– For Chinese Energy Security Diversification
– Setting up of Ports in Northern Seabed – In friendly Countries
• Gwadar + Pasni + Srilanka + Chittangong + Surveillance in Bay of Bengal + Naval Base in
Myanmar
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
• Chinese Dragon – One Belt One Road
– For Chinese Energy Security Diversification
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
• US Response – Soft balancing and Containment of China
– For Countering China and Protecting its Own Interests in Region
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
• Militarized IOR
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 05: Indian Ocean
• Case of Gawadar
– It sits strategically near the Persian Gulf and close to the Strait of Hormuz, through
which 40 per cent of the world’s oil passes.
– Chinese officials describe the corridor as the “flagship project” of a broader policy
— “One Belt, One Road” — which seeks to physically connect China to its markets in
Asia, Europe and beyond.
– “China is not building the corridor as an act of charity for Pakistan,” says Michael
Kugelman, Woodrow Wilson Center.
– “It will happily fund roads or ports.”
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 06: Pacific Ocean
• Significance of South China Sea
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 06: Pacific Ocean
• Pacific Politics
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Head 9: South Asia and Contemporary Study
Topic 06: Pacific Ocean
• US Military Presence in Asia Pacific
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