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TCP, UDP, and IP Protocols Overview

This document summarizes TCP, UDP, IP, and IPv6. It describes how TCP segments data into blocks and ensures reliable delivery through checksums and acknowledgments. UDP is described as connectionless and unreliable, but with less overhead than TCP. IP is the network layer protocol that handles fragmentation and routing. IPv6 is presented as an updated version of IP that supports more devices and faster networks through a larger address space and simplified header.

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Karthik Raghu
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8 views24 pages

TCP, UDP, and IP Protocols Overview

This document summarizes TCP, UDP, IP, and IPv6. It describes how TCP segments data into blocks and ensures reliable delivery through checksums and acknowledgments. UDP is described as connectionless and unreliable, but with less overhead than TCP. IP is the network layer protocol that handles fragmentation and routing. IPv6 is presented as an updated version of IP that supports more devices and faster networks through a larger address space and simplified header.

Uploaded by

Karthik Raghu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 3

TCP and IP

1
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Introduction
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Internet Protocol (IP)
 IPv6

2
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
TCP
 RFC 793, RFC 1122
 Outgoing data is logically a stream of
octets from user
 Stream broken into blocks of data, or
segments
 TCP accumulates octets from user until
segment is large enough, or data marked
with PUSH flag
 User can mark data as URGENT

3
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
 Similarly, incoming data is a stream of
octets presented to user
 Data marked with PUSH flag triggers
delivery of data to user, otherwise TCP
decides when to deliver data
 Data marked with URGENT flag causes
user to be signaled

4
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Checksum Field
 Applied to data segment and part of the
header
 Protects against bit errors in user data and
addressing information
 Filled in at source
 Checked at destination

5
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Options
 Maximum segment size
 Window scale factor
 Timestamp

6
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Figure 2.1

7
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
UDP
 RFC 768
 Connectionless, unreliable
 Less overhead
 Simply adds port addressing to IP
 Checksum is optional

8
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Appropriate Uses of UDP
 Inward data collection
 Outward data dissemination
 Request-response
 Real-time applications

9
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
IP
 RFC 791
 Field highlights:
– Type of service, defined in RFC 1349, see
Figure 3.1
– More bit
– Don’t fragment bit
– Time to live (similar to a hop count)

10
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Figure 2.2

11
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Figure 3.1

12
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Fragmentation and Reassembly
 Networks may have different maximum
packet size
 Router may need to fragment datagrams
before sending to next network
 Fragments may need further fragmenting
in later networks
 Reassembly done only at final destination
since fragments may take different routes
13
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Figure 3.2

14
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Type of Service TOS Subfield
 Set by source system
 Routers may ignore TOS
 Router may respond to requested TOS
value through:
– Route selection
– Subnetwork service
– Queuing discipline

15
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Table 3.1

16
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Type of Service Precedence
Subfield
 Indicates degree of urgency or priority
 Like TOS subfield, may be ignored and
there are 3 approaches to responding
 Intended to affect queuing discipline at
router
– Queue service
– Congestion control

17
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
IPv4 Options
 Security
 Source routing
 Route recording
 timestamping

18
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
IPv6
 Increase IP address from 32 bits to 128
 Accommodate higher network speeds, mix
of data streams (graphics, video, audio)
 Fixed size 40-octet header, followed by
optional extension headers
 Longer header but fewer fields (8 vs 12),
so routers should have less processing

19
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
IPv6 Header
 Version
 Traffic class
 Flow label
 Payload length
 Next header
 Hop limit
 Source address
 Destination address

20
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
IPv6 Addresses
 128 bits
 Longer addresses can have structure that
assists routing
 3 types:
– Unicast
– Anycast
– multicast

21
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Figure 3.3

22
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Optional Extension Headers
 Hop-by-hop options
 Routing
 Fragment
 Authentication
 Encapsulating security payload
 Destination options

23
Chapter 3 TCP and IP
Figure 3.4

24
Chapter 3 TCP and IP

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