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Understanding Database Normalization

This document discusses database normalization. It begins by explaining why normalization is important and some issues that can arise without normalization like update, addition, and deletion anomalies. It then covers key database normalization concepts like functional dependencies, keys, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF. The document provides definitions and explanations for each normalization form. It concludes by proposing a plan for SQL laboratories that would have students learn normalization hands-on by designing databases, implementing queries, and analyzing and improving database schemes through normalization.

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Kranti Ghag
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88 views42 pages

Understanding Database Normalization

This document discusses database normalization. It begins by explaining why normalization is important and some issues that can arise without normalization like update, addition, and deletion anomalies. It then covers key database normalization concepts like functional dependencies, keys, 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, and BCNF. The document provides definitions and explanations for each normalization form. It concludes by proposing a plan for SQL laboratories that would have students learn normalization hands-on by designing databases, implementing queries, and analyzing and improving database schemes through normalization.

Uploaded by

Kranti Ghag
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NORMALISATION

Dr. Kranti Ghag


[Link]@[Link]
Contents
▬ Why normalisation?
▬ Functional Dependency
▬ Keys
▬ 1NF
▬ 2NF
▬ 3NF
▬ BCNF
Why Normalisation ?
A memorable experience while guiding a BE project
Issues with table

– The project number is intended to be a primary key, but it contains nulls.


– The table displays data redundancies.
– The table entries invite data inconsistencies.
– The data redundancies yield the following anomalies:
■ Update anomalies.
■ Addition anomalies.
■ Deletion anomalies.
Functional Dependency
Rollno  Name

Name  Rollno
Keys
Identifying keys using the given functional dependency
1NF
First Normal Form
1NF Definition

– The term first normal form (1NF) describes the


tabular format in which:

■ All the key attributes are defined.


■ There are no repeating groups in the table.
■ All attributes are dependent on the primary key.
2NF
Second Normal Form
3NF
Third Normal Form
PROJECT (PROJ_NUM, PROJ_NAME)

ASSIGN (PROJ_NUM, EMP_NUM, HOURS)

EMPLOYEE (EMP_NUM, EMP_NAME, JOB_CLASS)

JOB (JOB_CLASS, CHG_HOUR)


BCNF
Boycee Codd Normal Form
References
P. Rob and C. Coronel, Database
Systems, Third Edition: Design,
implementation, and management.
Course Technology., 1997.
Proposed Plan for
laboratories
Proposed Plan for Laboratories
SQL Laboratory

SQL Laboratory Outcomes Blooms Taxonomy


Construct problem definition and implement database for same

Design Conceptual model using ER and construct queries

Create and populate RDBMS using queries

Retrieve information using complex SQL queries

Analysis Database scheme using normalization and design Database

Implement indexes for database using B /B+ Trees


Proposed Plan for Laboratories
SQL Laboratory ER
Oracle

MySQL
Group 1
Design EER PostgreSQL / MariaDB

Oracle

Construct problem ER
Inter
definition and Group 2
MySQL
Group
implement
Design Intra
EER
Comparison &
Inter PostgreSQL / MariaDB

database for same Group Evaluation


Group
– 4 Groups Comparison Oracle
Comparison
&ER * MySQL
Creation proposal
&
Group 3
Evaluation
Evaluation
Design
EER PostgreSQL / MariaDB

Oracle

ER
Group 4 MySQL
Design
EER MySQL
PostgreSQL / MariaDB
Funded Projects / Research
Funded Projects / Research
Thank You
Acknowledgements
Sincere Gratitude
■ Mr. Dipak Patil

■ Prof Jayshree Jagdale

■ Prof Uday Bhave

■ Prof Pinki Vishwakarma

NORMALISATION Dr. Kranti Ghag kranti.ghag@sakec.ac.in
Contents ▬Why normalisation? ▬Functional Dependency ▬Keys ▬1NF ▬2NF ▬3NF ▬BCNF
Why Normalisation ? A memorable experience while guiding a BE project
Issues with table – The project number is intended to be a primary key, but it contains nulls. – The table displays data redu
Functional Dependency
Rollno Name Name Rollno

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