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Dirac's Equation and Fermions Explained

This document discusses different types of fermions in particle physics. It begins by introducing the Schrodinger equation, which is not relativistically invariant. To address this, Klein and Gordan proposed using the energy-momentum relation, leading to the Klein-Gordan equation. However, this also had issues. Dirac hypothesized using matrix representations for the Hamiltonian, leading to Dirac's equation. Dirac's equation properly incorporated relativity and predicted the existence of antimatter particles.

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Sadaf Madni
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6 views4 pages

Dirac's Equation and Fermions Explained

This document discusses different types of fermions in particle physics. It begins by introducing the Schrodinger equation, which is not relativistically invariant. To address this, Klein and Gordan proposed using the energy-momentum relation, leading to the Klein-Gordan equation. However, this also had issues. Dirac hypothesized using matrix representations for the Hamiltonian, leading to Dirac's equation. Dirac's equation properly incorporated relativity and predicted the existence of antimatter particles.

Uploaded by

Sadaf Madni
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PARTICLE PHYSICS

PROJECT

TOPIC OF TALK
DIRAC, MAJORANA AND WEYL FERMIONS
SCHRODINGER EQUATION
The basic equation that governs the quantum particle is given by the
famous Schrodinger equation;

෡ = 𝐸𝜓
𝐻𝜓
But, this equation is not relativistically invariant in the two coordinate
frame O and O’ whose coordinates are related by the equation
x’=𝛾(x-vt) ,
t’=𝛾(t-vx/𝑐 2 )
HOW TO COMEUP WITH THIS ??
In order to comeup with this difficulty, Klein and Gordan thought that
the energy of the free particle should obey the energy momentum
relation given by the equation:

E2 = p2 c 2 + m20 c 4
By putting this in the Sch. Equation we get the KG equation of the form

𝜕2 𝜕2 2
2
− 2
+ 𝑚 0 𝜓=0
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥
This equation is though relativistic invariant, but it causes another
serious issues.
DIRAC HYPOTHESIS AND HIS
EQUATION
Dirac redefined the Hamiltonian of the free particle as:

𝐻 = 𝑐𝛼 ⋅ 𝑝 + 𝛽𝑚0 𝑐 4

Clearly here α and β are not just a number but matrices.


These matrices are of even order and are Hermitian.

0 𝜎 𝐼 0
α=[ ] and β=[ ]
𝜎 0 0 −𝐼

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