CALCULUS I
MUG1A4
S1-Telecommunication Engineering
School of Electrical Engineering
Telkom University
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• FUNCTION
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OUTCOMES
• DETERMINE DOMAIN AND RANGE FUNCTION FROM R R
• DRAW GRAPH LINEAR FUNCTION AND QUADRATIC
FUNCTION
• DISTINGUISH ODD FUNCTION AND EVEN FUNCTION
• USE SHIFTING FOR DRAW GRAPH FUNCTION
• DETERMINE COMPOSITE FUNCTION
• DETERMINE DOMAIN AND RANGE COMPOSITE FUNCTION
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2.1 FUNCTION AND GRAPH
DEFINITION : A function f is a rule of correspondence that associates
with each object, x , in one set (domain), to a single
value, f(x) , from a second set (range).
Notation : f : R R
x y f (x)
x is called independent variable, y is dependent variable
Example:
1. f ( x) x 2 2 x 4
2. f ( x) 1 x
3. f ( x) x 2 ,2 x 3
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R R R R
f f
f is a FUNCTION f is not a FUNCTION
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DOMAIN from f(x), (notation Df), is written as follow:
Df {x R | f ( x) R}
RANGE from f(x), (notation Rf), is written as follow:
Rf { f ( x) R | x D f }
R R
f
Df Rf
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Example FIND DOMAIN AND RANGE FROM
1. f ( x) x 2 2 x 4
2. f ( x) 1 x
Answer :
1. BECAUSE OF FUNCTION f(x) IS ALWAYS DEFINE FOR EACH x, SO
D f {x R} (, )
f ( x) x 2 2 x 4 ( x 1) 2 3 R f [3, )
0
2. D f {x R | x 0} [0, )
BECAUSE OF x 0 for x 0 f ( x) 1 x 1
R f [1, )
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GRAPH OF FUNCTIONS
If y = f(x), is a set of one-to-one mapping Example
from x to y as follow: Draw the GRAPH y = x + 1
Intercept to x-axis:
{( x, y ) | x D f , y R f }
y=0 x = -1 (-1,0)
We called GRAPH of FUNCTION f
Intercept to y-axis:
GRAPH of FUNCTION x=0 y=1 (0,1)
a. LINEAR FUNCTION y=x+1
f ( x) ax b
1
THE GRAPH is a straight line.
HOW TO DRAW : find intercept -1
between x-axis and y-axis.
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b. QUADRATIC FUNCTION
f ( x) ax 2 bx c
THE GRAPH is a parabolic curve. D b 2 4ac
x b
2a If
D
4a
a>0, D>0 a>0, D=0 a>0, D<0
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a<0, D>0 a<0, D=0 a<0, D<0
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DRAW GRAPH FUNCTION
WITH SHIFTING
• If GRAPH FUNCTION of y = f(x), we have:
• GRAPH y=f(x-h)+k cab be found by shifting the graph y = f(x)
(i) h unit to the right if h is positive & k unit upward if k is positive;
• GRAPH y=f(x+h)-k diperoleh WITH HOW TO menggeser GRAPH y = f(x)
(ii) h unit to the left if h is negative & k unit downward if k is negative.
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EXAMPLE: SHIFTING
1. Draw the GRAPH FUNCTION
f x x 2 4 x 5
x 2 4x 4 4 5
y x2 4
y x 2
2
x 2 1
2
y x 2
2
2
y x2
This curve is shifted 2 unit to the right.
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Then, y x 2 is shifted 1unit upward.
2
Now, we have y x 2 1 VOILA!
2
y x 2 1
2
y x 2
2
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c. PIECEWISE-DEFINE FUNCTIONS
General forms:
g1 ( x)
.
f ( x)
.
g n ( x)
Example: Draw the GRAPH of the function bellow:
x2 , x 0
f ( x) x , 0 x 1
2 x 2 , x 1
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FOR x 0 FOR 0<x<1 FOR x 1
f ( x) x 2
f(x)=x f ( x) 2 x 2
GRAPH: parabolic GRAPH: straight line GRAPH: parabolic
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2.2 FUNCTION TYPES
1. POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION
f ( x ) a0 a1x a2 x 2 ... an x n
FUNCTION OF PLYNOMIAL IS DEFINED FOR ANY x
2. RATIONAL FUNCTION
p(x )
f (x)
q (x )
WITH p(x) AND q(x) IS POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION, AND q(x) ≠0.
Rational function is well-defined for any x except at q(x) is ZERO.
Example
x2 1
f ( x) 2 is defined everywhere, except at x = 2, and x = -2
x 4
D f R {2,2}
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3. EVEN FUNCTION AND ODD FUNCTION
DEFINITION 1: FUNCTION f IS CALLED ODD FUNCTION If f(-x) = - f(x)
GRAPH of ODD FUNCTION is symmetrical to origin (0,0)
Example: f ( x) x 3 is odd function because of
f ( x) ( x) 3 x 3 f ( x)
DEFINITION 2: FUNCTION f IS CALLED ODD FUNCTION If f(-x) = f(x)
GRAPH of ODD FUNCTION is symmetrical to y-axis
Example: f ( x) x 2 is even function because of
f ( x) ( x) 2 x 2 f ( x)
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4. PERIODIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION f(x) IS CALLED PERIODIC WITH PERIOD IS p If f(x+p) = f(x).
Example:
f(x) = sin(x) is a periodic FUNCTION with period is 2п BECAUSE OF
f(x+2п) = sin(x+2п) = sin(x) cos(2п) + cos(x) sin2п)
= sin(x) = f(x)
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5. FUNCTION OF THE BIGGEST INTEGER
f ( x) || x ||
is the biggest integer value which smaller or equal to x.
Other notation: f ( x) x
Example :
||5,9|| = 5 , ||-2,6|| = -3 ,||-0,9|| = -1
,
||1||=
1
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2.3 OPERASI FUNCTION
A. Operasi aljabar
• DEFINITION: IF FUNCTION f(x) AND g(x) HAVE DOMAIN Df
AND Dg RESPECTIVELY, THEN
• ( f g )( x) f ( x) g ( x) , D f g D f D g
• ( f .g )( x) f ( x). g ( x) , D f . g D f Dg
• ( f )( x) f ( x)
, g ( x) 0 , D f / g D f Dg {x | g ( x) 0}
g g ( x)
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B. COMPOSITE FUNCTION
DEFINITION: COMPOSITE OF A FUNCTION f(x) TO g(x) IS
DEFINED BY ( f g )( x) f ( g ( x))
Composite function f o g is defined iff:
Rg D f
R R R
g f
Df
D Rg Rf
g
f○g
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COMPOSITE FUNCTION PROPERTY
• foggof.
D f g {x Dg | g ( x) D f }
R f g { y R f | y f (t ) , t Rg }
Example:
If f ( x) x and g ( x) x 2 1
Find the composite function (if there’s any solutions) of f g and D f g , R f g
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Answer :
f ( x) x D f 0, , R f 0,
g ( x) x 2 1 Dg R , Rg 1,
BECAUSE OF
Rg D f 1, 0, 0,
So f o g is defined, and now we have
( f g )( x) f ( g ( x)) f ( x 2 1) x 2 1
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D f g x Dg | g ( x) D f x R | x 2 1 0,
x R | x 2 1 0 x R | ( x 1)( x 1) 0
(,1] [1, ).
R f g y R f | y f (t ) , t Rg
y 0 | y t , t 1 [0, ).
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Gracias
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