RAPID PROTOTYPINGAND MODERN
MANUFACTURING METHODS
TOYOTA USED FDM FOR DESIGN
AND TESTING
PRESENTED BY:SUJITH.S 18TUME605
WHAT IS EDM ?
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a type of
additive manufacturing technology that
enables the construction of three-dimensional
objects, prototypes and products through a
computer-aided or driven manufacturing
process. It is used in 3-D printing or the
design of solid models and prototypes in a
layered or additive approach.
FDM is also known as fused filament
fabrication or fused deposition method.
DIGRAM OF FDM PROCESS
ABOUT TOYOTA
• Toyota Motor Corporation In 2017, Toyota's corporate
structure consisted of 364,445 employees worldwide [4] and, as
of September 2018, was the sixth-largest company in the world
by revenue. As of 2017, Toyota is the largest automotive
manufacturer. Toyota was the world's first automobile
manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year
which it has done since 2012, when it also reported the
production of its 200-millionth vehicle. [5] As of July 2014, Toyota
was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization
(worth more than twice as much as number 2-ranked
SoftBank)[6] and by revenue. [7][8]
FDM USED IN TOYOTA
• FDM extrudes production-grade
thermoplastic material to produce
prototypes and additive manufacturing
applications. Completed parts are robust,
extremely high in accuracy, and have crisp
details. A broad range of materials are
available. Our largest build tray size is 36"
x 24" x 36".
FLOW CHART
DIGRAM:
COMMON MATERIALS USED IN FDM FUSED
DEPOSITION
• Modeling is one of the typical RP processes that provide
functional prototypes of ABS plastic. FDM produces the highest-
quality parts in Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) which is a
common end-use engineering material that allows you to
perform functional tests on sample parts. FDM process is a
filament based system which feeds the material into the heated
extrusion head and extruding molten plastic that hardens layer-
bylayer to form a solid part. FDM parts are tougher and more
durable than those produced by SLA. ABS parts are sufficiently
resistant to heat, chemicals, and moisture that allows FDM parts
to be used for limited to extensive functional testing, depending
upon the application.
APPLICATION:
• are multiple projects in the open-sourced community aimed at processing post-consumer
plastic waste into filament. These involve machines used to shred and extrude the plastic
material into filament such as recyclebots.
• Several projects and companies are making efforts to develop affordable 3D printers for
home desktop use. Much of this work has been driven by and targeted at
DIY/enthusiast/early adopter communities, with additional ties to the academic and hacker
communities.[27]
• RepRap is one of the longest running projects in the desktop category. The RepRap
project aims to produce a free and open source hardware (FOSH) 3D printer, whose full
specifications are released under the GNU General Public License, and which is capable
of replicating itself by printing many of its own (plastic) parts to create more
machines.[2][28] RepRaps have already been shown to be able to print circuit boards[29]
and metal parts.[30][31]
DEVELOPMENT:
• Customer-driven product customization and demand for
cost and time savings has increased interest in agility
of manufacturing process. This has led to
improvements in rapid prototyping technologies.[34]
The development of extruders is going rapidly because
of open source 3-D printer movement caused by
products like RepRap. Consistent improvements are
seen in the form of increased heating temperature of
liquefiers, better control and precision of prints, and
improved support for wide variety of materials.
MATERIALS:
• Thermoplastic polymers, it is the most typical
application of FDM;
• Composite materials with polymeric matrix and short or
long hard fibers;
• Ceramic slurries and clays, often used in combination
with the robocasting technique;
• Green mixtures of ceramic or metal powders and
polymeric binders, used in EAM of metals and
ceramics;
• Food pastes;
FREE APPLICATION:
• There are multiple projects in the open-sourced community
aimed at processing post-consumer plastic waste into filament.
These involve machines used to shred and extrude the plastic
material into filament such as recyclebots.
• Several projects and companies are making efforts to develop
affordable 3D printers for home desktop use. Much of this work
has been driven by and targeted at DIY/enthusiast/early adopter
communities, with additional ties to the academic and hacker
communities.
ADVANTAGES:
• It does not need synchronization between its transmitter
and receiver.
• Frequency division multiplexing (FDM) is simpler and easy
demodulation.
• Due to slow narrow band fading only one channel gets
affected.
• It is used for analog signals.
• A large number of signals (channels) can be transmitted
simultaneously.
DISADVANTAGE
• All the frequency division multiplexing channels
get affected due to wideband fading.
• A large number of modulators and filters are
required.
• The communication channel must have a very
large bandwidth.
• The frequency division multiplexing suffers from
the problem of crosstalk.
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