Introduction
Microprocessor’ three part
Evolution of microprocessor
A.L.U
Features of 8085
Function pin diagram of microprocessor 8085
Flags
Intel’s X-86 family
Diagrams of x-86 family members
Advantages of pentium processor
Advance features of x-86 microprocessor family
Programming model for 32-bit version of
microprocessor
Defination:-Microprocessor is a semiconductor
multipurpose, programmable logical device that read binary
instruction from storage devices ,accept binary data as input
& process it according to given instruction and provide
result.
The circuit of microprocessor has capable to performing
various computing function.
It has ability to change the sequence of program.
It has ability to store large data.
ALU Registers
Control Unit
[Link]( Arithmetic and Logic Unit):It performs
arithmetic and logic operation and stored result at
accumulator.
2. Registers:-They are use to store result during
execution of program.
[Link] Unit : It provide timing and control signal to
whole computer system.
Parts of A.L.U.:-
[Link]: It is
main register of
microprocessor
[Link] CPU bus: It
transfer
Data as well as
address.
ACCUMULATOR IS MOST
IMPORTANT PART OF A.L.U. [Link]:It perform
ALL CALCULATION DONE arithmatic and logic
IN ADDER WITH THE HELP calculation.
OF REGISTERS
[Link] register: They
generate flags.
[Link] generation:-Intel’s 4004(4 bit),8008(8-bit)
motorola’s 6800(8-bit)
[Link] generation:-Intel’s 8085 (8-bit)
zilog’s Z80 (8-bit)
[Link] generation:-Intel’s 8086 (16- bit)
zilog’s z-8000 (16-bit)
[Link] generation:-Intel’s 80386 (32-bit)
Intel’s 80486 (32-bit)
[Link] generation:- Intel’s 80586(pentium)
It is an 8-bit microprocessor having 8-bit data bus
& 16-bit address bus
8085 available in 40 pin plastic ceramic D.I.P.
packetes.
8085 uses system
It can address I/O mapped I/O physical memory of
64 KB.
To communicate with external device , it uses
interrupt method.
It required +5v single power supply and can
operate with 3 MHz single-phase clock.
It has five flags.
[Link] flag
[Link] flag
[Link] carry flag
[Link] flag
[Link] flag
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
s Z - Ac - P - Cy
Microprocessors in family
1.8086
2.80286
3.80386
4.80486
5.80586(pentium I)
6. Pentium II
7. Pentium III
8. Pentium IV
16-bit microprocessor
Design to be use as CPU
in microcomputer system
ALU works with 16
binary bits at a time
16-bit data bus,20-bit
address bus , it can
address physical memory
of 1 MB
Words are stored in
consicutive memory
location
It supports multiplication
and division operation
16-bit microprocessor
Designed to be used as a
CPU in
multiuser/multitasking os
16-bit data bus,24-bit
address bus
IBM introduced PD/AT
version
Having real and protected
modes of operation
Work upto 1 gb of vitrual
memory
Feacture was added
hardware multitasking
32-bit microprocessor
Instruction set is superset
of other members of 8086
family
32-bit data bus,32-bit
address bus
Allows address 64 tb
i)paged mode
ii) non-paged mode
32-bit microprocessor
32-bit data bus,32-bit
address bus
It has DX and SX
version
Not have on chip-
numeric coprocessor
Achives its high speed
operation from its
faster its faster clock
speeds,internal pipe
lined architecture
64-bit microprocessor
64-bit data bus
32-bit address bus
Dual-pipe lined
processor
Branch prediction
On-chip caches
[Link] pipelining –It works calculate with
arithmetic and trignomatric operation
[Link]-chip caches-This improve the speed of any
operation.
[Link] prediction : Pentium do educated guess
which is next instruction
4.64-bit data bus : It works with high speed and
transfer data faster than 32-bit data bus
microprocessor
->Capable of performing various computing
function &
making decision to change the sequence of
program execution.
->powerful computing device.
->Numeric coprocessor.
->Works with Multiuser & multitasking O.S.
->Support Virtual memory.
->Storing large volume data.
->Includes special instruction &internal h/w.