METAL REINFORCEMET
3-6 INDEPENDENT FOOTING
REINFORCEMENT
• Independent column footing is also referred to as
individual or isolated footing. The ACI Code provides that
the minimum underground protective covering of concrete
to steel reinforcement shall not be less than 7.5
centimeters. The reinforcement for this type of structure is
determined by direct counting from the detailed plan
under the following procedures:
PROCEDURES:
1. Know the actual dimensions of the footing as to its length and width.
2. Consider the 7.5 cm. minimum underground protective covering of concrete
to the steel reinforcement. .
3. If the plan does not specify hook or bend of the footing reinforcement, the
length of the bar is equal to the length or width of the footing minus the 7.5
protective covering at both ends.
4. If the plan indicate hook or bend of the reinforcement, the bar cut should
include the allowances for the hook and band as presented in Figure 3-4
and 3-5
5. Know the spacing distance of the steel bars both ways to determine the
exact number required. As much as possible, select the appropriate
commercial length of steel bar which is divisible by the required cut length
to avoid unwanted cuts.
One important consideration in estimating steel
bar reinforcement is to find the required length and
quantity of a particular reinforcement then choose a
commercial length bars which when cut into the
required sizes will minimize unwanted cuts.
ILLUSTRATION 3-4
From figure 3-8, find the number of 12 mm steel bars
required if there are 24 footings having a general dimensions
of 1.5 x 1.5 m.
SOLUTION:
• 1. Find the net length of one cut reinforcing bar.
Net Length is = 1.50m.- 2 (.075)
L = 1.35 meters.
• 2. Find the total number of these cut bars in one footing.
10 x2=20 pieces of 12 mm at 1.35 m. long.
• 3. Find the total number of cut bars in 24 footings.
Total cut bars: 24 x20 = 480 pieces
• 4. If 6.00 meters long steel bar will be used, we obtain the following cuts.
6.00 m./1.35m. = 4.44 pieces
• 5. The result simply mean that in one 6 meters long steel bar we could get 4.44 pieces at 1.35 long. We
will not consider the fractional value of .44 because it is less than 1.35 meters length of one cut bar.
Instead we will only use the whole value 4.0.
• 6. Divide the result of step 3 by 4.0 to get the number 6 meters steel bars required.
480/4.0 = 120 pieces steel bars at 6 meters long
ILLUSTRATION 3-5
Using the same problem of illustration 3-4, Figure 3-8, the length of one
cut reinforcing bar is 1.35 meters long. Thus:
[Link] the total number of cut bars in one footing;
10 x 2 (crosswise) = 20 pieces per footing.
[Link] cut bars for 24 footings
20 x 24 footings = 480 pieces at 1.35 m. long
[Link] total length of this cut bar is;
480 x 1.35 = 648 meters
[Link] this value to a commercial length of steel bar, say 6.00 meters long.
Divide
646m/6.00=108 pieces of 12 mm x 6.00m steel bar
Analysis:
Comparing the results of the two procedures, the former has 120 steel
bars while the later has only 108 or a difference of 12 pieces. The difference is
the result by including the fractional amount of .44 as part of the divisor in the
second solution.
The second solution however, could be correct if the quotient in dividing
the length of one commercial steel bar by the length of one cut bar yields a
whole number. On the contrary, if the result has a fractional amount, the
example will not give a correct answer.
The solution of illustration 3-5 would be correct under the following
illustration.
ILLUSTRATION 3-6
From Figure 3-9, determine the number of 12 mm. diameter steel bars
including the tie wire in kilograms if there are 30 pieces 1.15 m. x 1.15 m.
independent square footing.
Figure 3-9 Footing Slab Reinforcement
SOLUTION
[Link] the length of one reinforcing cut-bar.
Net length = 1.00 + .20 hook = 1.20 meters
[Link] the total number of cut bars in one footing.
N = 6 x 2 (crosswise) = 12 pieces per footing
[Link] the total cut bars for 30 footings
12 cut bars x 30 footings = 360 pieces.
[Link] the total length of 360 pcs. Cut bars at 1.20 m. long.
360 x 1.20 = 432 meters
[Link] by 6.00 m. length of one commercial steel bar
432m/6= 72 pieces 12mm x 6.00m steel bars
Solving the Same Problem by the First Method
[Link] net length of one cut bar is 1.20 meters and the total number of
bars in 30 footings is 360 pieces.
[Link] a commercial length of steel bar which is divisible by 1.20
without extra cut. Try 6.00 meters long steel bars.
6.00/1.20=5 pieces
[Link] simply mean that in a 6.00 meter long steel bar, we obtain exactly
5 pieces at 1.20 m. long cut bar. Divide the total cut bars for 30 footings by 5.
360/5= 72 pieces 12 mm x 6.00 meters steel bars.
The question now is, when to use the first method and when
to use the second. The following rules will help in making the right
choice.
[Link] the net length of one reinforcing cut bar.
[Link] 6.00 meters or any chosen commercial length of steel bar
by the result of step 1.
[Link] the result in dividing the length of one steel bar by the length of
one cut bar is a whole number (exact value) use the second
procedure.
[Link] the result has a fractional value, use the first method.
Estimating the Footing Tie Wire
Estimating the Tie Wire was initially discussed in Section 3-5 under the reinforcement
for CHB. Applying the sample principles in illustration 3-4 and 3-6, we have the following
examples:
A) Solving the Tie Wire for Illustration 3-4
1) Looking at the plan of Figure 3-8 there are:
10 x 10 = 100 intersections of steel bars to be tied per footing
2) Solving for the total ties of the 24 footings:
100 x 24 = 2,400 ties.
3) Using the 30 centimeters long ties, multiply:
2,400 x .30 m. = 720 meters G.I. wire.
4) Convert this length to kilograms. (One kilogram of No. 16 tie wire is approximately 53 meters l
ong.) Divide:
720m/53 = 13.58 say 14 kilograms #16 G.I. wire
B) Solving the Tie Wire for Illustration 3-6
1) Looking at the plan of Figure 3-9. There are 36 steel bar intersections to be
tied with G.I. wire
6 x 6 = 36 ties per footing
2)Solve for the total ties of 30 footings.
36 x 30 = 1,080 ties
3)If one tie is 30 cm. long, find the total length of 1,080 ties;
.30 x 1,080 = 324 meters long.
4)Convert this length to kilograms. Using the value of 53 meters per kilogram
divide:
324m/53 = 6.1 kilograms #16 G.I. wire
