Department of Environmental Science
& Engineering
IIT(ISM),Dhanbad
Seminar
On
CARBON FOOTPRINT
Submitted to Presented by
Prateek Pathak(18MT0228)
Prof. Gurdeep Singh
1st year [Link]
Prof. A.K Singh
Dept. of Environmental
Science & Engineering
DEFINITION
Its a measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions of a defined population, system or
activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and
storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of
the population, system or activity of interest.
The tem carbon footprint is derived from the term
ecological footprint coined by Professor William
Rees in 1992.
It is Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)
using the relevant 100-year global warming potential
(GWP100)
Carbon Dioxide Equivalency
It is a quantity that describes, for a given
mixture and amount of greenhouse gas, the
amount of CO2 that would have the same global
warming potential(GWP), when measured over a
specified timescale (generally, 100 years).
For example, the GWP for methane over 100
years is 25. This means that emissions of 1
million metric tonnes of methane is equivalent
to emissions of 25 million metric tonnes of
carbon dioxide.
GHGs with Global Warming
Potential
GREENHOUSE GAS Global Warming
Potential (GWP)
1. CO2 1
2. CH4 25
3. N2O 298
4. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’S) 124 – 14,800
5. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) 7,390 – 12,200
6. Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) 22,800
7. Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3)3 17,200
Source:- Document from [Link]
On 23/08/2018
Why carry out a carbon
footprint?
For publicly reporting greenhouse gas emissions.
For setting a target for reducing emissions (in
order to set a reductions target it is necessary to
know what current emissions are).
To identify which activities contribute the most to
a footprint (in order to identify the important
areas for reduction efforts).
In order to measure changes in emissions over
time, and to monitor the effectiveness of
reduction activities.
To offset emissions.
The Greenhouse Gas
Protocol (GHG Protocol)
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative is a multi-
stakeholder partnership of businesses, non-
governmental organizations (NGOs), governments,
and others convened by the World Resources Institute
(WRI), a U.S.-based environmental NGO, and the
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
(WBCSD), a Geneva-based coalition of 170
international companies. Launched in 1998, the
Initiative’s mission is to develop internationally
accepted greenhouse gas (GHG)accounting and
reporting standards for business and to promote their
broad adoption
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol is the most widely used
international accounting tool for government and
business leaders to understand, quantify, and manage
greenhouse gas emissions.
Scopes of GHG Protocol
The GHG Protocol defines three scopes of emissions:
Scope 1 – Direct GHG emissions
Scope 2 – GHG emissions from generation of purchased
electricity
Scope 3 – Indirect GHG emissions
Scope 1
Direct greenhouse gas emissions occur from sources
that are owned or controlled by the company, for
example, emissions from combustion in owned or
controlled boilers, furnaces, vehicles, etc.; emissions
from chemical production in owned or controlled
process equipment.
The combustion of fuels produces emissions of the
following greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide(N2O).
Direct CO2 emissions from the combustion of biomass
shall not be included in scope 1 but reported
separately.
Calculation for Scope 1
E = A f,v · F c,v · Fox · (44/12)
or
E = A f,m · F c,m · Fox · (44/12)
or
E = A f,h · F c,h · Fox · (44/12)
Where,
E = Mass emissions of CO2 (short tons or metric tons)
Af,v = Volume of fuel consumed (e.g., L, gallons, ft3, m3)
Af,m = Mass of fuel consumed (e.g., short tons or metric tons)
Af,h = Heat content of fuel consumed (GJ or million Btu)
Fc,v = Carbon content of fuel on a volume basis (e.g., short tons C/gallon or metric tons C/m3)
Fc,m = Carbon content of fuel on a mass basis (e.g., short tons C/short ton or metric tons C/metric ton)
Fc,h = Carbon content of fuel on a heating value basis (e.g., short tons C/million Btu or metric tons C/GJ)
Fox = Oxidation factor to account for fraction of carbon in fuel that remains as soot or ash
(44/12) = The ratio of the molecular weight of CO2 to that of carbon
Scope 2
The scope 2 standardizes how corporations measure
emission from purchased or acquired electricity, steam,
heat and cooling.
Steps to calculate Scope 2
emission
To calculate scope 2 emissions according to one or
both methods, the following procedure applies:
1. Take activity data from each operation by the emission
for that activity for each GHG. Some electricity emission
may include emission rates for CO2, CH4, and N2O;
others may only provide CO2 emission rates
2. Multiply global warming potential (GWP) values by the
GHG emissions totals to calculate total emissions in CO2
equivalent (CO2 e).
3. Report final scope 2 by each method in metric tons of
each GHG (where available) and in metric tons of CO2 e
Scope 3
controls Scope 3 Standard provides requirements and
guidance for companies and other organizations to
prepare and publicly report a GHG emissions inventory
that includes indirect emissions resulting from value
chain activities.
Example:- Production of purchased products,
transportation of purchased products, or use of sold
products.
Scope 3 includes:
1. Emissions from activities in the value chain of the
entities included in the organizational boundary
2. Emissions from leased assets, investments, and
franchises that are excluded from the organizational
boundary but that the organization partially or wholly
owns.
Emission are measured by the Scope 3 Evaluator,
which is a web-based tool from Greenhouse Gas
Protocol
GHG Protocol scopes and
emissions
Source:- GHG protocol
SHARE OF WORLD’S CARBON
FOOTPRINT
Source:- [Link]
Projected growth in CO2
emissions
Source : U.S. Energy Information Administration
Carbon Offsetting
The mitigation of carbon footprints through the
development of alternative projects, such as solar or
wind energy or reforestation, represents one way of
reducing a carbon footprint and is often known as
Carbon offsetting
Carbon offsetting is a practical and effective way to
address climate change and encourage the growth of
renewable energy.
With them, we can counteract our personal carbon
emissions— our “carbon footprint”—while contributing
to a more sustainable future.
REFERENCES
[Link]
[Link]/EFDB/[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
U.S. Energy Information Administration
[Link]/study
[Link]
UK Carbon Trust "Carbon Footprinting”
Wikipedia – the free Encyclopedia
THANK YOU