INTRODUCTION
TO
COMPUTER
Operating System
Prepared by: Israr Ahmed
Contents
Definition and types of Software
Operating Systems
PC Operating Systems
Network Operating Systems
Embedded Operating Systems
Software
Software is a set of programs which is
designed to perform a well define function.
A program is a sequence of instructions
written to solve a particular problem.
Types of Software
System Software
• The system software is collection of programs
designed to operate, control and extend the processing
capabilities of the computer. System software is
generally prepared by computer manufactures.
Examples: BIOS, Operating System
Application Software
• The application software is a set of programs designed
to satisfy a particular need of end user. It is dependent
on system software to execute. Examples: MS Word,
MS Excel, Library Management System, Billing
System etc.
Operating System
An operating system is
a software that
manages computer
hardware resources and
provides common
services for computer
programs. The OS is an
essential component of
system software in a
computer system.
Types of Operating System
• Very fast and small in size
• Also called embedded OS
Real Time • Used to run real time
applications in medical
diagnostics equipments
Single user • Allows single user to perform
just one task at a time.
Single • Examples: MS DOS, Palm OS
Tasking
Types of Operating System
Single User • Allows single user to perform two or
more functions at once.
Multi • Examples: Microsoft Windows,
Macintosh OS
Tasking
Multi User • Allow users to use programs that are
simultaneously running on a single
network server (terminal server).
Multi • Examples: Microsoft server OS,
UNIX, LINUX
Tasking
Operating System Functions
Displays the on-screen elements.
Loads programs ( such as word, excel,
browser) in to the computer’s memory so
that you can used them.
Coordinates how programs work with
computer’s hardware and other software .
Manage the information storage on disks.
Operating System Functions
User Interface:
When you work on a computer, you see and
use a set of items on the screen, these items
are called the user interfaces.
Types of user interface
1) Graphical User Interface
2) Command Line Interface
Operating System Functions
Graphical User Interfaces:
Operating System Functions
Command-Line Interfaces:
Utility Software
Operating systems are designed to do the
tasks such as managing files, loading
programs, printing documents and so on,
but software developers are constantly
creating new programs that enhance or
extend the operating system capabilities, are
called Utilities.
Examples: Backup Utilities, Antivirus,
Firewall, Screen Savers etc….
PC Operating Systems
DOS (Disk Operating System)
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating
System)
Windows NT (New Technology)
Windows 9X ( 95, 98, Me)
Windows 2000 Professional
Windows XP
Windows Vista
Windows 7
Network Operating System
Windows NT Server
Windows 2000 Server
Windows Server 2003
Windows Server 2008
Novell NetWare
Unix Server
Linux Server
Embedded Operating Systems
Windows XP Embedded
Windows CE .Net
Palm OS
Pocket PC OS
Symbian
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application Software
The application software is a set of
programs designed to satisfy a particular
need of end user. It is dependent on system
software to execute.
Types of application software
1) Word Processing Programs
2) Spreadsheet Programs
3) Presentation Programs
Word Processing Programs
A word processing program ( also called
word processor) provides tools for creating
all kind of text-based documents.
Microsoft word is the most popular word
processing program.
Word Processing Program
Microsoft Word Functions
Entering & Editing Text
Find & Replacing Text
Formatting Text
Working with images
Working with tables
Saving a document
Printing a document
Spreadsheet Programs
A spreadsheet program is a software tool for
entering, calculating, manipulating and
analyzing sets of numbers.
Microsoft Excel is one of the most
commonly used spreadsheet application.
Spreadsheet Programs
Microsoft Excel Functions
Entering data in worksheet
Selecting Cells, Rows and Columns
Copy and deleting cell content
Sorting Rows and Columns
Arithmetic Calculations
Formatting Cell
Working with Charts
Printing Worksheets
Presentation Programs
Presentation programs enable the user to
design slides – single screen images that
contain a combination of text, numbers and
graphics that can be displayed in various
ways and used to support any type of
discussion.
Presentation Programs
Microsoft Power Point Functions
Creating Slides
Applying Speaker Notes
Applying Transitions
Applying Animations
Presentation Slide Shows