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Logarithmic Function

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53 views15 pages

Logarithmic Function

Study guide

Uploaded by

Anali Barbon
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Logarithmic Function

Seatwork #2.1
Introduction to Logarithmic Function
1. log 2 16
This is asking for an exponent. What
exponent do you put on the base of 2 to
get 16? (2 to the what is 16?)
1
2. log 3
9
What exponent do you put on the base of
3 to get 1/9? (hint: think negative)
3. log 4 1
What exponent do you put on the base of
4 to get 1?
4. log 3 3
When working with logs, re-write any
radicals as rational exponents.
What exponent do you put on the base of
3 to get 3 to the 1/2? (hint: think rational)
Objectives
 The students will identify a logarithmic
function. (Knowledge) (Mathematics,
Algebra II, 6.a)
 The students will solve logarithmic
expressions. (Application) (Mathematics,
Algebra II, 6.b)
 The students will solve logarithmic
functions. (Application) (Mathematics,
Algebra II, 6.c)
STAI 1, 11
3.2
Logarithmic Functions
and Their Graphs

Definition of Logarithmic Function

y  log x a a xy

Ex. 3 = log2 8 23 = 8
John Napier
 Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1550
 Began education at St. Andrews
University at the age of 13
 Likely acquired mathematical
knowledge at the University of Paris
 Died April 4, 1617 in Edinburgh,
Scotland

STAI 7
Logarithms
 Definition: If b and y are positive
where b1, then the logarithm of y
with base b (logby) is defined as
logby = x
if and only if bx = y.

STAI 10
Special Logarithms
 logb1 = 0
 Why? b0 = 1

 logbb = 1
 Why? b1 = b

 The logarithm with base 10 is called the


common logarithm. (log10 or log)
 The logarithm with base e is called the
natrual logarithm. (loge or ln)
STAI 6, 23, 26
Examples
 Evaluate the expression log381
3x = 81
3x = 34
x = 4

 Evaluate the expression log1/28


(1/2)x = 8

(1/2)x = 23
(1/2)x = (1/2)-3
x = -3
STAI 4, 19, 25
Ex. log28 = x 2x = 8
x=3

Properties of Logarithms and Natural Logarithms

1. loga 1 = 0 1. ln 1 = 0

2. loga a = 1 2. ln e = 1

3. loga ax = x 3. ln ex = x
1 1
Ex. ln  ln e   1
e
ln e  2
2

Use the definition of logarithm to write in


logarithmic form.

Ex. 4x = 16 log4 16 = x

e2 = x ln x = 2
The logarithmic function to the base a, where a > 0 and a  1
is defined:

y = logax if and only if x = a y


logarithmic
form exponential
form
When you convert an exponential to log form, notice that the
exponent in the exponential becomes what the log is equal to.

Convert to log form: 16  4 2 log 416  2


Convert to exponential form:
3 1
1
log 2  3 2 
8 8
Laws of Logarithms
1. l og b mn  logb m  logb n
m
2. logb    logb m  logb n
n
3. logb m n  n logb m
4. logb 1  0
5. logb b  1

Common Logarithm log x  log10 x


Notation: Natural Logarithm ln x  log e x
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

Common questions

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The equation 3^x = 81 can be expressed in logarithmic form as log_3(81) = x .

The exponential equation 2^4 = 16 can be converted into logarithmic form as log_2(16) = 4. Here, 2 is the base, 16 is the result, and 4 is the exponent .

The logarithm with base 10 is commonly referred to as the common logarithm. It is significant because it is widely used in scientific calculations and can be easily found on most calculators as 'log.' The base 10 aligns well with the decimal system, facilitating a broader understanding and application in various fields .

The conclusion that can be drawn from the property ln(e) = 1 is that the natural logarithm of the base e is 1. This is analogous to any logarithm log_b(b) equaling 1. Since raising e to the power of 1 returns e, ln(e) being equal to 1 confirms this rule for natural logarithms, highlighting the fundamental nature of e in logarithmic calculations .

The logarithmic expression ln(1) can be converted to its exponential form as e^0 = 1. This is because the natural logarithm ln(x) is the logarithm with base e, and since e^0 = 1, ln(1) is equal to 0 .

The logarithm of 1 with any base is always equal to 0 because raising any number to the power of 0 results in 1. Mathematically, b^0 = 1 for any base b, which defines log_b(1) = 0 .

The property that explains log_b(b) = 1 is based on the definition of a logarithm, where if b^1 = b, then the logarithm of b with base b must equal 1. Thus, log_b(b) = 1 because raising the base to the power of 1 returns the base itself .

The expression log_3(1/9) evaluates to -2 because 3 raised to the power of -2 yields 1/9. This negative exponent indicates the reciprocal, making 3^-2 equal to 1/(3^2), which is 1/9 .

The relationship between logarithmic and exponential forms of equations is defined by the conversion rules: y = log_a(x) is equivalent to a^y = x. In these forms, a is the base, y is the exponent, and x is the result of the exponentiation. Converting one form into the other involves identifying these components correctly .

The value of the logarithmic equation log_4(1) is 0 because any base raised to the power of 0 equals 1. Therefore, 4^0 = 1, which confirms that log_4(1) = 0 .

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