Naming compounds
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Compound
A compound forms when two or more
atoms of different elements share,
donate, or accept electrons. We are
going to focus our attention on ionic
compounds. We encounter many ionic
compounds every day, like sodium
chloride, which is table salt, and
sodium fluoride, which is found in
toothpaste.
Ionic compounds
Ioniccompounds, just like the name
suggests, are made of ions, which are
charged particles formed when electrons
are transferred between atoms of
different elements. The ions that make
up an ionic compound are a cation,
which is a positive ion, and an anion,
which is a negative ion.
Ionic compound example
The general rules in naming Ionic
compound
Identify and name the cation
Identify and name the anion
Binary Ionic Compounds
When we think of the word 'binary,' we think of the
prefix 'bi-,' which means 'two.' Binary ionic
compounds, just like the name suggests, only have
two atoms from different elements; one atom is a
metal, and the other atom is a nonmetal. How do we
know which element is a metal and which is a
nonmetal? We can tell this from its position in the
periodic table. The elements at the left side of the
stairs outlined in black are metals, and those on the
right side of the stairs are nonmetals.
Periodic table of elements
How do we name binary ionic
compounds?
Identify and name the cation; the
cation is the metal.
Identify and name the anion, and
change the suffix to -ide; the
anion is the nonmetal.
Samples of binary ionic
compounds
NaF
MgO
AlF3
K2S
Ca3P2
Al2O3
Note:
Metals-red
Non-metals -blue
Naming Ionic Compounds
Containing Transition Metals
It follows the same naming rules as the simple binary
compounds, but with an extra rule added in. So, you
still name the cation first, followed by the anion with
the suffix -ide added to the end of it.
The new rule is that transition metals form more than
one ion, so this has to be accounted for in the
naming. We do this by using Roman numerals to
denote which ion it is.
The Roman numeral will equal the charge on the ion.
For instance, Fe2+ is iron (II). Fe3+ is iron (III).
Samples of naming Ionic Compounds
Containing Transition Metals
Iron(II) chloride
FeCl2
Samples of naming Ionic Compounds
Containing Transition Metals
Copper (II) sulfate
Copper (I) oxide
Chromium (III) cyanide
Cr(OH)3
Hg2O
Naming Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
A polyatomic ionic compound is a compound made up of a
polyatomic ion, which is two or more atoms bonded together, and
a metal. Naming polyatomic ions is harder, but doable.
First, name the cation, which is just the name of the element.
Next, name the anion. This gets trickier.
Let's first talk about a polyatomic ionic compound that contains
oxygen. If the polyatomic anion contains oxygen, it is called an
oxyanion. If it can form more than one form of oxyanion, it gets a
suffix of either -ate or -ite. There are some common oxyanions
that most people memorize.
If an oxyanion can form only two different kinds of oxyanions, the
name of the ion with the greater number of atoms ends in -ate
and the smaller number of atoms ends in -ite.
Sample of naming Polyatomic Ionic
Compounds
Sodium chromate
Calcium carbonate
Magnesium nitrate
Cs2CrO4
NH4OH
Naming Binary Covalent
Compounds
The element with the lower group number is written first in the
name; the element with the higher group number is written second
in the name.
If both elements are in the same group, the element with the
higher period number is written first in the name.
The second element in the name is named as if it were an anion,
i.e., by adding the suffix -ide to the name of the element
Greek prefixes (see the Table provided at the bottom of this page)
are used to indicate the number of atoms of each nonmetal
element in the chemical formula for the compound.
Greek Prefixes
prefix number indicated
mono- 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
nona- 9
deca- 10
Sample of naming Binary Covalent
Compounds
Carbon dioxide
Phosphorus triiodide
Sulfur dichloride
NCl3
XeF4