INFOGRAPHICAL PROJECT BY
CHRISTIAN CAMILO BUITRAGO
EDWIN MACIAS CASTRO
JAVER TOQUICA SANCHEZ
JHONNY GONZALES CUBURUCO
PIECE
PROGRAM
TECHNICIAN IN OPERATION OF HEAVY MACHINERY FOR EXCAVATION
1955690
CONTENT
• EXCAVATOR
• BACKHOE
LOADER
• SKID-STEER
LOADER
• FRONTAL
LOADER
EXCAVATOR
EXCAVATOR
• Excavators (hydraulic) are heavy
construction equipment consisting of
a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket and
cab on a rotating platform known as
the "house". The house sits atop an
undercarriage with tracks or wheels.
They are a natural progression from
the steam shovels and often mistakenly
called power shovels. All movement
and functions of a hydraulic excavator
are accomplished through the use
of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic
cylinders and hydraulic motors. Due to
the linear actuation of hydraulic
cylinders, their mode of operation is
fundamentally different from cable-
operated excavators which
use winches and steel ropes to
accomplish the movements.
USAGE
Excavators are used in many ways:
• Digging of trenches, holes, foundations
• Material handling
• Brush cutting with hydraulic saw and mower
attachments
• Forestry work
• Forestry mulching
• Construction
• Demolition with hydraulic claw, cutter and
breaker attachments
• General grading/landscaping
• Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining
• River dredging
• Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver
• Drilling shafts for footings and rock blasting, by
use of an auger or hydraulic drill attachment
• Snow removal with snowplow and snow blower
attachments
TYPES
2
Types of excavator 1
1. Compact excavator 4
2. Dragline excavator 3
3. Long reach excavator 5 6
4. Amphibious excavator
5. Power shovel 8
6. Steam shovel
7
7. Suction excavator
8. Walking excavator
9
9. Bucket-wheel excavator
PARTS
MANUFACTURERS FOR COLOMBIA
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
BACKHOE LOADER
BACKHOE LOADER
• A backhoe loader, also called
a loader backhoe, digger in layman's
terms, or colloquially shortened
to backhoe within the industry, is
a heavy equipment vehicle that
consists of a tractor-like unit fitted with
a loader-style shovel/bucket on the
front and a backhoe on the back. Due
to its (relatively) small size and
versatility, backhoe loaders are very
common in urban engineering and
small construction projects (such as
building a small house, fixing urban
roads, etc.) as well as developing
countries. This type of machine is
similar to and derived from what is
now known as a TLB (Tractor-Loader-
Backhoe), which is to say, an
agricultural tractor fitted with a front
loader and rear backhoe attachment.
USAGE
Backhoe loaders are very
common and can be used
for a wide variety of tasks:
construction, small
demolitions, light
transportation of building
materials, powering
building equipment,
digging
holes/excavation, landsca
ping, breaking asphalt,
and paving roads.
PARTS
MANUFACTURERS FOR COLOMBIA
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
SKID-STEER LOADER
SKID STEER LOADER
A skid loader, skid-steer loader or skidsteer is
a small, rigid-frame, engine-powered machine
with lift arms used to attach a wide variety of
labor-saving tools or attachments.
Skid-steer loaders are typically four-wheel
vehicles with the wheels mechanically locked in
synchronization on each side, and where the
left-side drive wheels can be driven
independently of the right-side drive wheels.
The wheels typically have no separate steering
mechanism and hold a fixed straight alignment
on the body of the machine. Turning is
accomplished by differential steering, in which
the left and right wheel pairs are operated at
different speeds, and the machine turns by
skidding or dragging its fixed-orientation
wheels across the ground. The extremely rigid
frame and strong wheel bearings prevent the
torsional forces caused by this dragging motion
from damaging the machine.
USAGE
• A skid-steer loader can sometimes be used in
place of a large excavator by digging a hole
from the inside. The skid loader first digs a
ramp leading to the edge of the desired
excavation. It then uses the ramp to carry
material out of the hole. The skid loader
reshapes the ramp making it steeper and
longer as the excavation deepens. This
method is particularly useful for digging
under a structure where overhead clearance
does not allow for the boom of a large
excavator, such as digging a basement under
an existing house. Several companies make
backhoe attachments for skid-steers. These
are more effective for digging in a small area
than the method above and can work in the
same environments. Other applications may
consist of transporting raw material around a
job site, or assisting in the rough grading
process.
PARTS
ATTACHMENTS
MANUFACTURERS FOR COLOMBIA
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
FRONT LOADER
FRONT LOADER
• A loader is a heavy
equipment machine used
in construction to move aside or load
materials such as asphalt, demolition
debris, dirt, snow, feed, gravel, logs,
raw minerals, recycled
material, rock, sand, woodchips, etc.
into or onto another type of
machinery (such as a dump
truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper,
or railroad car). There are many types
of loader, which, depending on design
and application, are called by various
names, including bucket loader, front
loader, front-end
loader, payloader, scoop, shovel, ski
p loader, wheel loader, or skid-steer.
USAGE
Loaders are used mainly for
loading materials into trucks,
laying pipe, clearing rubble, and
digging. A loader is not the most
efficient machine for digging as it
cannot dig very deep below the
level of its wheels, like
a backhoe or an excavator can.
The capacity of a
loader bucket can be anywhere
from 0.5 to 36 m3 depending
upon the size of the machine and
its application. The front loader's
bucket capacity is generally much
bigger than a bucket capacity of
a backhoe loader.
PARTS
MANUFACTURERS FOR COLOMBIA
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
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