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Objectives

To learn and appreciate the following concepts:

• Declare, initialize and access 1D array.
• Write programs using common data
structures namely arrays and strings and
solve problems.

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 Session outcome

• At the end of session student will be able to

Declare, initialize and access 1D array

Write programs using 1D array

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Arrays

An array is a group of related data items that share

a common name.

The array elements are placed in contiguous memory

locations.

A particular value in an array is indicated by writing an

integer number called index number or subscript in
square brackets after the array name.

The least value that an index can take in array is 0..

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Arrays
Array Declaration:
data-type name [size];

where data-type is a valid data type (like int, float, char...)

name is a valid identifier

size specifies how many elements the array has to contain.

 size field is always enclosed in square brackets [ ] and
takes static values.

 For example an array salary containing 5 elements is declared

as follows int salary [5];

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Arrays - One Dimensional

 A linear list of fixed number of data items of same type.

 These items are accessed using the same name using a single
subscript. E.g. roll[0], roll[1]…. or salary [1], salary [4]
 A list of items can be given one variable name using only one
subscript and such a variable is called a single-subscripted variable
or a one- dimensional array.

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Arrays - 1D
Total size:

The Total memory that can be allocated to 1Darray is

computed as

Total size =size *(sizeof(data_type));

where size number of elements in 1-D array

data_type basic data type.

sizeof() is an unary operator which returns the size

of data type in bytes.

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Arrays - 1D
If the values of array are 3, 2, 6, 1, 9 then these values are
stored in array arr as follows.
int main()
{
int arr[50],n; // declaration of ‘arr’
printf(" enter value of n\n“); // no of elements
scanf(“%d”, &n); // reading the limit into n
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&arr[i]); // reading n elements
}
for(int j=0; j<n;j++) //displaying n elements

{ printf(“%d”,arr[i]);
printf(“\t”);}
return 0;
}
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Initializing one-dimensional array
int number[3] ={0,0,0}; or {0} ;
 declares the variable number as an array of size 3
and will assign 0 to each element.

int age[ ] ={16,25,32,48,52,65};

 declares the age array to contain 6 elements with
initial values 16, 25, 32, 48, 52, 65 respectively

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Initializing one-dimensional array with zeros
Initialize all the elements of an integer array
‘values’ to zero
int values[20];
Begin for loop
Initialize counter
Set limit for counter for ( int i=0; i<20; i++)
Increment counter

Initialize element in array ‘values’

values[i]=0;

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Printing one-dimensional array
For example

int x[3] = {9,11,13};

printf(“%d\n”,x[0]); Output:
9
printf(“%d\n”,x[1]);
11
printf(“%d\n”,x[2]); 13

int x[3] = {9,11,13};

for (int i = 0; i<3; i++)

printf(“%d\n”,x[i]);
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Program to read n elements into an array and
print it int a[10], i, n;
printf("enter no of numbers“); Output:
scanf(“%d”,&n); enter no of numbers
3
printf(“enter n numbers \n”);
enter n numbers
for(i=0;i<n;i++) 9
scanf(“%d\n”,&x[i]); 11
13
Numbers entered are:
printf(“\nNumbers entered are:\n”); 9
for(i=0;i<n;i++) 11
printf(“%d\n”,a[i]); 13
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Program to add two array elements and store the
corresponding elements sum in another array
int a[10], b[10], c[10],n, m, i;
printf("enter no. of numbers in if(m==n)
first array\n“); {
for(i=0;i<m;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&n);
c[i]=a[i]+b[i];
//first array
for(i=0;i<n;i++) printf(“Sum of given array
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]); elements\n”);
printf("enter no of numbers in
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
second array\n“);
printf(“%d\n”,c[i]);
scanf(“%d”,&m); }
for(i=0;i<m;i++) //second array else
scanf(“%d”,&b[i]); printf("cannot add“);
}
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Displaying elements of an array in reverse order.

int a[10], n, i;
Example : a[ ]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
printf(“Enter values\n“); Enter values
n=5
for(i=0;i<n;i++) 12345
Reverse printing of array
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]); 5 4 3 2 1
Array before Array after
printf(“\nReverse order printing a[0]=1 a[0]=1
a[1]=2 a[1]=2
of array\n”); a[2]=3 a[2]=3
a[3]=4 a[3]=4
for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--) // reverse loop a[4]=5 a[4]=5

printf(“%d\n”,a[i]);
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Write a program to reverse an array using only
one array

Example : a[ ]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
int a[20], i, j, n, temp;
Enter values
printf("enter n \n“); n=5
12345
scanf(“%d”,&n); Reversed array
5 4 3 2 1
printf("\n Enter values for an array“); Array Reversed
array
for(i=0;i<n;i++) a[0]=1 a[0]=5
a[1]=2 a[1]=4
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]); a[2]=3 a[2]=3
a[3]=4 a[3]=2
Contd… a[4]=5 a[4]=1

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Reversing an array
for(i=0, j=n-1; i<n/2; i++, j--) Example :
a[ ]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
{
temp=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=temp;

printf("\n Reversed array: \n“); Output:

Enter values for an array
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
n=5
printf(“%d\t”,a[i]); 12345
Reversed array
} 5 4 3 2 1

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WAP to insert an element to an array at a given position
int a[100], n,i, pos,ele;
scanf(“%d”,&n); // number of elements Example : insert 9 at 2nd position
printf("\nEnter the elements of array:“); a[ ]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
New array after inserting 9 :
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]); a[ ]={1, 9, 2, 3, 4, 5}
printf("\nEnter the element and position of insertion:“);
scanf(“%d %d”,&ele,&pos);
for(i=n; i>=pos; i--) //shift the elements to right
a[i]=a[i-1];
a[pos-1] = ele;//ele is inserted at the specified pos.
n = n + 1; // increment the count of no of elements
printf("\nThe array after insertion is:“);
for(i=0;i<n; i++) printf(“%d\n”,a[i]);
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 WAP to delete an element from an array
printf("enter no of numbers“); Example : delete ele at 2nd position
a[ ]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
scanf(“%d”,&n);
printf("enter n numbers \n“); New array after deleting 2:
a[ ]={1, 3, 4, 5}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
printf("enter the position at which the element to be deleted“);
scanf(“%d”,&pos);
for(i=pos-1; i<n-1; i++)
a[i] =a[i+1]; //shift the elements to left
n = n-1;//decrement the count of no of elements
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
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 Insert an element into a sorted array
Read array elements (in sorted order) & element ‘ele’ to be
inserted
Example: insert 3 into the array
a[ ] = {1, 2, 4, 5,6}

/ / f indin g p o s it ion
for(i=0;i<n;i++) New array after inserting 3 :
a[ ] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6}
if (ele<a[i]) break;
pos = i+1; //position of insertion
for(i=n; i>=pos; i--) //shift the elements to right
a[i]=a[i-1];
a[pos-1] = ele;//ele is inserted at the specified pos.
n = n + 1; // increment the count of no of elements
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Summary

• Arrays

• 1 Dimensional arrays (lists)

• Problems on 1D arrays

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 Syntax
1D Array:
 Syntax: type array_name[size];

 Memory Requirement:
Total size =size *(sizeof(data_type));

 Initialization:
type array-name [size]={list of values}

 Write and Read:

for(i=0;i<n;i++) for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]); prinft(“%d\n”,a[i]);

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Tutorials on Array
• Write a program to find average of an 1-D array.

• Write a program to find second largest element in an array.

• Write a program to find union and intersection of two arrays.

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