THE EARLY PROBLEMS

FACING THE NEW STATE OF PAKISTAN

Presented by:
ESHAM
ROLL…..
LGS
Table of Contents:-

1. Introduction
2. Establishment of Government
3. Unfair Boundary Distribution – Radcliffe Award:
4. The Rehabilitation of Refugees:
5. Division of Military and Financial Assets
6. Constitutional Problems:
7. Canal Water Dispute
8. The Scandal and Problems Of The Princely States:
9. Kashmir Dispute
10. Leadership Vacuum After Quaid-e-Azam and Liaquat Ali Khan
Introduction:
Ever since the idea of Pakistan was put forward, doubts had continually been thrown on its
economic and financial viability.
When the British journalist Beverley Nichols interviewed Quaid-i-Azam in December, 1943, the first
question he asked after hearing an exposition of the concept of Pakistan was about the economic
aspect of Pakistan: "Are the Muslims likely to be richer or poorer under Pakistan?“
The early problems include establishment of government unfair boundary distribution – Radcliffe
Award, the rehabilitation of refugees, division of military and financial Assets, constitutional
problems, canal Water dispute etc
Today, Pakistan is more than seven decades old which signifies the initial weaknesses are
transformed into strength.
Establishment of Government:
The first problem Pakistan had to face was choosing an administrative Capital city to form and
establish a government.
 Quaid-e-Azam as Governor-General chose Karachi.
 Pakistan had to build its administration from the start and officers were brought in specially
from Delhi.
Qudratullah Shahab (1920-1986) a quintessential bureaucrat writes in his book “SHAHAB
Nama” Upon arrival, there were no offices so interim offices were set up in public buildings just
to initiate administrative machinery.
Unfair Boundary Distribution – Radcliffe
Award:
The boundary commission set up under Sir Cyril Radcliffe proved to be a treacherous one for
Pakistan.
Lord Mountbatten’s influence and incline towards India turned out to be distribution
completely unfair.
It can be seen that Gurdaspur, Ferozpur, Jullandar and Kashmir were sided with India – even
though all these were Muslim majority areas
So snatched the right of muslims to join Pakistan.
The Rehabilitation of Refugees:
Infants killed, women raped – the streets of Punjab were full of Muslim blood and amputated
limbs. 600,000 Muslims were said to be killed in 7 days!
Rehabilitation of Refugees Who Reached Pakistan
Upon arrival of the Muslim refugees in Pakistan – there was no base of accommodation for the
refugees.
Again, the leadership had to resort to public buildings and barracks – refugee and aid camps
were set up and sustenance was given to the refugees.
 Quaid-e-Azam told the refugees: “Pakistan has to come stay and it will stay!
Division of Military and Financial Assets:
In order to embarrass Pakistan financially, India held against its promise and instead of
providing Pakistan with Rs.750 million, only gave Rs.200 million.
 In the same way the division of military assets was unfair and Pakistan had to go with the flow
instead of waging war from the weapons that were inevitably to be Pakistan’s.
East Pakistan was dealt a staggering blow at the time of partition when Calcutta became part of
India.
Over 90 percent of the industrial units in undivided Bengal were located in Calcutta or nearby,
in West Bengal.
East Pakistan had only 5 percent of the total number of industrial workers of undivided Bengal
at the time of partition, industries, banks, insurance companies, commercial houses, import and
export firms, communication centers, power stations, and educational institutions were all
located in Calcutta, which had been the capital of undivided Bengal and its main port.
Constitutional Problems:
1. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 granted dominion status to the new states of India and
Pakistan whereby both were governed under the Government of India Act 1935, with essential
modifications.
2. Under Section 8 of this Act, the modified constitutional document was to be the interim
working constitution of Pakistan.
3. A new constitution was to be framed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. The framing of
constitution was not an easy task,
4. Constituent Assembly of Pakistan laid the foundations of the constitution by adopting the
"Objective Resolution' on March 12, 1949 after the demise of the Quaid-e-Azam.
Till 1973 no constitution could sustain very long.
Canal Water Dispute:
In April, 1948, East Punjab in India cut off the supply of canal waters to West PUNJAB in
Pakistan.
Reason was that most of the Pakistani rivers the Indus, the Jhelum and the Chenab -"flow into
PAKISTAN from the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and the three eastern rivers- the Ravi, the Beas,
and the Satlaj enter Pakistan from India, so India demanded that Pakistan should pay the price
of this water.
The canal water dispute remained a trouble between the two countries. On September 19,
1960, the indus Waters Treaty Was signed by the representatives of India, Pakistan and the
World Bank. The treaty provides for a transitional period of ten years, which may be extended by
another three years during which India will supply water to Pakistan the eastern rivers.
The Princely States:
When Junagarh, a small area 300km away from Karachi, wanted to accede to Pakistan – the
Indians waged an aggressive policy and denied accession to Junagarh.
 similarly another small Princely state was merged with india through force called Manavaders.
The act was a violation of the basis that states be let to decide their future.
Many other muslim majority states wanted to be part of Pakistan but unfair distribution and
aggressive designs of India infringed the right of self determination.
Indian military barged onto these sates and invaded the muslim majority territories.
Kashmir Dispute:
Kashmir dispute is one of few intitial disputes between india and Pakistan
At the time of partition 85% of the Kashmir’s total population was Muslim.
The population factor realizes that Kashmir should be part of Pakistan.
Indian atrocious and aggressive policy stabbed the desired of Kashmiri people to exercise their
right to be free from indian mastery.
Pakistan has continuously insisted that Kashmir must get their right of self determination but
due to non-cooperation of India the UNO plan to execute plebiscite remained unsuccessful.
The intensity of this subject matter can be understood after having a glance upon the reality
that this issue is still unresolved after seven decades.
Leadership Vacuum After Quaid-e-Azam
and Liaquat Ali Khan:
When founding father of a state leave the states on its own the state remains under the clouds
of myriad problems with respect to survival.
After Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah passed away due to his deteriorating health – all
the burdens of the country fell on the shoulders of Liaquat Ali Khan – who gave us the Objective
Resolution.
The Anti-State Actors could not see Pakistan prospering and Khan was shot dead.
This created a vast leadership vacuum in Pakistan – nobody seemed good enough to step in
either one’s shoes.