OBJECTIVES: In this chapter you’ll learn:
[Link] the meaning of sets.
[Link] whether the set is well
defined or not.
[Link] the three ways of describing sets.
A. In the following collection of objects, find the one that is out of the
group.
1. Boat, kalesa, car, bus, airplane
2. Carabao, chicken, cow, pig, goat.
3. Hexagon, Quadrilateral, Rectangle, Rhombus, Square
4. 2, 11, 12, 24, 30
B. Find at least two members of each of the following sets, if possible.
5. The set of even numbers.
6. The set of prime numbers which are even.
SETS
• A well-defined collection of objects or ideas
• A set is well-defined if there is no ambiguity as to
whether or not an object belongs to it.
• Each object in a set is called Element or Member
EXAMPLES
• The set of all president
-Not a well-defined set
•The set of sections in Grade 7 (CMSHS)
- Well-defined set
• The set of all popular actors
- Not a well-defined set
• The set of male students in this class
- Well-defined set
EXAMPLES
I. Determine whether the following sets are well defined or not.
1. The set of all large numbers
2. The set of all multiples of 5
3. The set of good writers
4. The set of nice people in your class
Take note of the following:
1.) CAPITAL LETTERS is used to denote sets.
2.) lowercase letters is used to denote elements of a set.
3.) The ONLY correct fence or enclosure is braces, { }.
4.) The symbol ∈ is read as “is an element of”.
5.) The symbol ∈ is read as “is not an element of”.
6.) A set with NO ELEMENT is an EMPTY SET or NULL SET.
The symbol for an empty set is ∅ or { }
THREE WAYS OF DESCRIBING SETS:
• Roster Method
– by listing the elements separated by commas
and using braces to enclose the list.
• Verbal Description
– by name
• Set-builder notation
– uses a variable and a rule to describe the
elements of a set.
EXAMPLES
ROSTER NOTATION or LISTING METHOD
-each element is listed once and order of the element
does not matter
1. A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
2. B = {p, h, i, l, n, e, s}
3. C = {5, 10, 15}
4. D = {moon}
EXAMPLES
VERBAL DESCRIPTION METHOD
-method of describing a set in words.
1. Set A is the set of counting numbers less than 5.
2. Set B is the set of letters in the word “Philippines”.
3. Set C is the set of positive multiples of 5.
4. Set D is the set of a natural Earth satellite.
SET BUILDER NOTATION
-methods that lists the rules that determine whether an
object is an element of the set rather than the actual
elements.
1. {x|x is a counting number less than 5} read as “the set of
all x’s such that ‘x’ is a counting number less than 5.”
vertical bar is read as “such that”
2. {x|x is a letter in the word “Philippines”}
3. {x|x is a positive multiple of 5}
4. {x|x is a natural satellite of the earth}
EXAMPLES:
Verbal Description Roster Method Set-Builder
Notation
1. Let S represents S = {math, science, S = {x|x is a subject
the subjects in English, Filipino, ap, in grade 7} it is read
Grade 7 mapeh, Cl, Buss. Math, as “the set of all x’s
biology, TLE} such that x is a
subject of grade 7”
EXAMPLES:
Verbal Description Roster Method Set-Builder
Notation
The set of numbers from 1. 3.
1 to 5
The set of grade 7 2. 4.
advisers
EXAMPLES:
Verbal Description Roster Method Set-Builder
Notation
1. A = {red, blue, Yellow} 3.
2. B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} 4.
EXAMPLES:
Verbal Description Roster Method Set-Builder
Notation
1. 3. A = {x|x is an odd
number from 1 to
5}
2. 4. B = {Y|Y is a vowel
in the alphabet}
I. State whether each of the ff sets is well defined or not.
1. The set of happy people. S
2. The set of enjoyable subjects in high school E
3. The set of good teachers A
T
4. The set of even counting numbers W
O
II. Write a verbal description for each of the ff sets R
K
1. D = {1, 3, 5, 7, …}
2. E = {a, b, c, …} N
O.
III. List the elements of the following sets. 1
1. M = {x|x is a city in Metro Manila}
A
S
S I. Give 3 examples of a well defined
I
G
sets that is related to you.
N
M
E II. Give 2 examples of a not well
N
T
defined sets that is related to your
friends.
N
O.
