BASIC MATHEMATICS
POWERS AND EXPONENTS
Discussion
▪An exponent is a positive or negative
number or placed above and to the right
of a quantity.
Discussion
▪ It expresses the power to which the
quantity is to be raised or lowered.
▪ In 43, 3 is the exponent. It shows that 4 is to
be used as a factor three times: 4 × 4 × 4
(multiplied by itself twice). 43 is read as four
to the third power (or four cubed).
Example
4
2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16
2
3 = 3×3=9
3
5 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125
Remember: x 1 = x and x 0 = 1 when x is any
number
Discussion
If the exponent is negative, such as–2
4 ,
the number and exponent may be
dropped under the number 1 in a
fraction to remove the negative sign.
Discussion
Simplify the following by first removing
the negative signs and then removing
the exponents.
Example
−2
1 1
4 = 2=
4 16
−3
1 1
5 = 3=
5 125
1 1
3−1 = 1=
3 3
Discussion
To square a number, just multiply it by
itself the way you'd find the area of a
square (the exponent is 2).
2
For example, 6 squared (written 6 ) is 6 ×
6, or 36. 36 is called a perfect square (the
square of a whole number).
Discussion
To cube a number, just multiply it by
itself twice the way you'd find the
volume of a cube (the exponent is 3). For
3
example, 5 cubed (written 5 is 5 × 5 × 5,
or 125. 125 is called a perfect cube (the
cube of a whole number).
Discussion
To cube a number, just multiply it by
itself twice the way you'd find the
volume of a cube (the exponent is 3). For
3
example, 5 cubed (written 5 is 5 × 5 × 5,
or 125. 125 is called a perfect cube (the
cube of a whole number).
Simplify
2 3
1. 5 +3
2 3
2. 3 −2
3 2
3. 2 ×3
2 3
4. 6 ÷2
Discussion
If a number with an exponent is taken to
2 3
another power (4 ) , simply keep the
original base number and multiply the
exponents.
Simplify
3 2
1. (6 )
2 4
2. (3 )
4 3
3. (5 )
Powers of Ten
Discussion
Since our number system is based on
powers of ten, you should understand
the notation and how to work with these
powers, as follows:
Discussion
0
10 = 1
1
10 = 10
2
10 = 10 × 10 = 100
3
10 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 1,000
Discussion
−1
1 1
10 = 1=
10 10
1 1
10−2 = 2=
10 100
−3
1 1
10 = 3=
10 1000
Multiply the following and leave
the answers in powers of ten.
1. 100 × 10
2. 1,000 × 100
3. 0.01 × .001
4. 10,000 × 0.01
5. 0.0001 × 1,000
Divide the following and leave
the answers in powers of ten.
1. 1,000 ÷ 100
2. 100 ÷ 10,000
3. 1 ÷ 0.01
4. 0.001 ÷ 0.01
5. 10,000 ÷ 0.1
ASSIGNMENT
▪ Kindly write the complete solution of every
computation.
▪ Write your answer in a short bond paper with
a 1 in. x 1 in. imaginary margine.
Simplify:
3 2
1. 2 − 5 + 10
2 3
2. 5 + 3 − 102
3. 34 ÷ 34
2 2
4. 8 ÷4 −9
5. 33 × 53 ÷ 153
Simplify:
−3 3 2 2
1. (2 ) × (3 )
−2 3 3 2
2. (5 ) × (5 )
3 −3 −2 2
3. (2 ) ÷ (2 )
4. (53 )3 ÷ (52 )−2
−3 3 2 2
5. (4 ) ÷ (8 )
Simplify:
−3 3 2 2
1. (10 ) × (10 )
2 3 −3 2
2. (10 ) × (10 )
3 3 −2 2
3. (10 ) ÷ (10 )
−3 3 2 −2
4. (10 ) ÷ (10 )
3 3 3 3 4 3
5. (10 ) ÷ (5 ) ÷ (2 )
Simplify:
1. 1,000 × 10,000
2. 0.001 × 10,000
3. 0.0001 ÷ 0.001
4. 0.01 ÷ 100,000
5. 0.01 ÷ 0.001 × 100,000