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Overview of Chemical Reaction Types

The document describes 5 main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. Synthesis reactions involve combining two or more reactants to form a single product. Decomposition reactions involve breaking down a single reactant into simpler products. Single displacement reactions involve one element replacing another in a compound. Double displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds forming two new compounds. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a fuel in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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99 views19 pages

Overview of Chemical Reaction Types

The document describes 5 main types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. Synthesis reactions involve combining two or more reactants to form a single product. Decomposition reactions involve breaking down a single reactant into simpler products. Single displacement reactions involve one element replacing another in a compound. Double displacement reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds forming two new compounds. Combustion reactions involve the burning of a fuel in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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nicki
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  • Introduction to Reaction Types
  • Synthesis Reaction
  • Decomposition Reaction
  • Single Displacement Reaction
  • Double Displacement Reaction
  • Combustion Reaction
  • Chemical Reaction Balancing Exercises

Types of Reactions

1. Synthesis reactions
2. Decomposition reactions
3. Single displacement reactions
4. Double displacement reactions
5. Combustion reactions

You need to be able to identify each type.


1. Synthesis

Example C + O2

C + O O  O C O

General: A + B  AB
Ex. Synthesis Reaction
Synthesis

Mg(s) + F2(g)  MgF2(s)


2. Decomposition

Example: NaCl

Cl Na  Cl + Na

General: AB  A + B
Ex. Decomposition Reaction
3. Single Displacement
Example: Zn + CuCl2
Zn was oxidized
Went from neutral (0) to (+2)

Cu + Zn  Zn + Cu
Cl Cl Cl Cl
Cu was reduced
Went from (+2) to Neutral (0)

General: AB + C  AC + B
3. Single Displacement
Example:
HgO  Hg + O2
Ex. Single Replacement Reaction
Single Replacement Reactions

• Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl2 + H2(g)


4. Double displacement

Example: MgO + CaS

Mg Ca  Mg Ca
+ +
O S S O

General: AB + CD  AD + CB
Double Replacement Reactions

• Think about it like “foil”ing in algebra, first and


last ions go together + inside ions go together
• Example:
AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(s)  AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

• Another example:
K2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)  KNO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
5. Combustion Reactions
• Combustion reactions - a
hydrocarbon reacts with
oxygen gas.
• This is also called
burning!!!
• In order to burn something
you need the 3 things in
the “fire triangle”:

• 1) Fuel (hydrocarbon)
2) Oxygen
3) Something to ignite the
reaction (spark)
Combustion Reactions
• In general:
CxHy + O2  CO2 + H2O
• Products are ALWAYS
carbon dioxide and water.
(although incomplete burning
does cause some by-products
like carbon monoxide)
• Combustion is used to heat
homes and run automobiles
(octane, as in gasoline, is
C8H18)
EXAMPLES:

C5H12 + O2  CO2 + H2O

K2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2  KNO3 + BaSO4


A.T. CHEMICAL REACTIONS
L.T. To balance different chemical equations.
To identify the type of chemical reactions.
1. Al + F2  AlF3
2. Zn + HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
3. NaCl + F2  NaF + Cl2
4. Fe + O2  Fe2O3
5. HgO  Hg + O2
6. C3H8 + O2  H2O + CO2
7. Al + Cu(NO3)2  Cu + Al(NO3)3
A.T. CHEMICAL REACTIONS
L.T. To balance different chemical equations.
To identify the type of chemical reactions.
1. 2Al + 3F2  2AlF3
2. Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
3. 2NaCl + F2  2NaF + Cl2
4. 4Fe + 3O2  2Fe2O3
5. 2HgO  2Hg + O2
6. C3H8 + 5O2  4H2O + 3CO2
7. 2Al + 3Cu(NO3)2  3Cu + 2Al(NO3)3
1. COMBINATION OR SYNTHESIS
2. SINGLE DISPLACEMENT OR SUBSTITUTION
3. SINGLE DISPLACEMENT OR SUBSTITUTION
4. COMBINATION OR SYNTHESIS
5. DECOMPOSITION OR ANALYSIS
6. COMBUSTION
7. SINGLE DISPLACEMENT OR SUBSTITUTION

1. Aluminum + Fluorine  Aluminum Fluoride


2. Zinc + Hydrochloric acid  Zinc Chloride + Hydrogen
3. Sodium Chloride + Fluorine  Sodium Fluoride + Chlorine
4. Iron + Oxygen  Iron (III) Oxide or Ferric Oxide
5. Mercuric Oxide  Mercury + Oxygen
6. Propane + Oxygen  Hydrogen Oxide or Water + Carbon dioxide
7. Aluminum + Copper Nitrate  Copper + Aluminum Nitrate

Types of Reactions 1. Synthesis reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Single displacement reactions 4. Double displacement
1. Synthesis Example C + O2 O O C +  O O C General: A + B AB
Ex. Synthesis Reaction
Synthesis Mg(s) + F2(g)  MgF2(s)
2. Decomposition Example: NaCl General: AB A + B  Cl Na Cl + Na
Ex. Decomposition Reaction
3. Single Displacement Example: Zn + CuCl2  Zn Cl Cl Cu + General: AB + C AC + B Cl Cl Zn Cu + Zn was oxidized Went from ne
3. Single Displacement Example: HgO  Hg + O2
Ex. Single Replacement Reaction
Single Replacement Reactions • Zn(s) + HCl(aq)  ZnCl2 + H2(g)

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