PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
TRAINING
by: Caridad R. Corridor
National Coordinator
PhilDHRRA
Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP)
27-28 January 2016
A program is a set of related projects that
together achieve a beneficial change of
a strategic nature for an organization.
(Wikipedia)
A project is a specific plan or design; a
planned undertaking. (Merriam-Webster
Dictionary)
Project
A unique endeavor to produce a set of
deliverables with a clearly specified time,
cost and quality constraints.
(Project Management Guidebook Method 123, [Link])
Projects...
Are unique in nature.
Have a defined timescale
Have an approved budget
Have limited resources
Achieve beneficial change
How did you
identify and design
your current
projects?
Project Cycle
Baseline Data
and Assessing
Needs
Evaluation Planning
Implementation
and Monitoring
Baseline Data and
Assessing Needs
Data Gathering
Problem Analysis/Issue Analysis
Needs Assessment/Needs Prioritization
Identification of Alternatives
Project Identification
Planning
What do we want to achieve? (Setting of Goals and
Objectives)
How will the project be implemented (Strategies)
What actions will be done (Activities)
When will the activities be done? Who will be
responsible?
How much is needed? (Budget)
Implementation and
Monitoring
Coordination/Organizing
Monitoring
Contingency Management
Evaluation
Evaluation is intended to find out the
following:
Achievement of goals and objectives
Appropriateness of strategies used
Cost efficiency
Impact
Community Project Development Model
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
PHASE
Steps in Project Development
1. Collecting Baseline Data
2. Analysis of the Situation:
a) Problem Analysis/Needs Assessment
b) Prioritization of Needs
c) Defining Alternatives
d) Selection of Alternative ---- Project Identification
3. Developing the design or project plan: developing
an action plan, a feasibility study
STEP 1. Baseline Data Collection
Data/Information Needed
Political/administrative structure
Demographic features and population characteristics
Economic activities
Social stratification and power relations
Organisations and their functions and activities
Leadership pattern and its influence
Cultural facets or traditions
Critical issues and problems
STEP 1. Baseline Data Collection
Sources of Information
Documents or files in government offices/NGOs
Reports of surveys
Community members
Informal leaders in the community
Government officials or formal leaders
NGO personnel
Politicians or local representatives of the area
STEP 1. Baseline Data Collection
Methods of gathering data
Document review
Questionnaires
Discussions
Interviews
Observations and informal conversations
Listening to people
Brainstorming sessions
STEP 2. Situation Analysis
Methods for Situation Analysis
Problem Analysis (Problem Tree) – looking at
the cause and effect relationships of
problems
SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities and Threats)
STEP 2. Situation Analysis
Problem Tree Analysis
Identify the core problem
- The problems are expressed in a negative state.
- The core problem must pertinently describe the central point
of the overall problematic condition.
- The core problem does not automatically turn into
the later project purpose.
Identify the causes
Identify the effects
Problem Tree Example
Poor Health
Condition of Rural No Cash Income
Population
Low Nutritional No Marketable
Intake Surplus
Low Farm Productivity
Inefficient
Low Labor Post-harvest
Extension Low Soil Fertility
Productivity Losses
Services
New Techniques
Not Used
Problem Tree Analysis
WHAT? Establish cause-and-effect
relationship and root cause of problems
WHY? To see causes of problems and
determine how it will impact the project;
sets the context of intervention
HOW? Settle on a core problem and build the
tree from there
STEP 2. Situation Analysis
Analysis of Objectives
Reword all problems making them into objectives
(positive statements)
Transform the hierarchy of problems (problem tree) into
a hierarchy of objectives (objectives tree) and the set
objectives are analysed.
Objective Tree Example
Good Health
Condition of Rural With Cash Income
Population
High Nutritional With Marketable
Intake Surplus
High Farm Productivity
Efficient
High Labor Post-harvest
Extension Soil Fertile
Productivity Minimals
Services
New Techniques
Used
STEP 2. Situation Analysis
STEP 2. Situation Analysis
What to Consider in Prioritizing Needs and
Identifying the Project/s to Implement
Organizational Capacity
Urgency of the Need
Chance of Success
Multiplier Effect
What do you
What is the currently have to
problem address this
needed to be need?
solved?
What are
your
limitations?
Specific
SpecificProject
ProjectIdentified
Identified
STEP 3. Designing the Project
a) Define clearly the target group
Ask : Towards whom can we direct our efforts to do something
about the problem?
In defining the target group, the following issues need to be
addressed:
• Who should the target group be for real changes in the desired
direction to take place?
• What conflicts may arise?
• What structures are already there, or can be mobilized, to
enable broad communication with the target group, and to
deal with potential conflicts?
The target group can be defined according to age, sex, occupation,
income group, geographical area, or membership of a particular
social class or other group.
STEP 3. Designing the Project
b) Identify the Goals and Objectives
The statement of GOALS for the project should answer the
question:
What do we want to achieve with the project?
Defining goals and objectives means deciding what problems are to be
given priority. (Go back to the problem tree and objective tree)
The goals should as far as possible be realistic.
A goal defines, very broadly, what is expected of a project and is
made up of several objectives all leading to the achievement of
the goal.
STEP 3. Designing the Project
Objectives have to be:
• Related to needs
• Specific
• Clear
• Measurable or quantifiable
• Appropriate
• Achievable/feasible
• Time-bound
STEP 3. Designing the Project
c) Establish the Feasibility: Identify Assumptions/
Constraints
Assumptions are the preconditions for implementing the
activities, these are necessary to sustain the overall goals in
the long term.
Identify and assess the assumptions made and the
inherent constraints.
Adapt the goals and o choose the strategies with the best
chance of success.
STEP 3. Designing the Project
d) Determine the Project Strategy
How will the goals be achieved?
What results are to be produced?
What resources are required?
What are the risks and how are they addressed?
STEP 3. Designing the Project
e) Identify the Activities
Planning project activities involves the following steps:
1. Identifying activities. The activities should be based on the
objectives, taking into consideration the resources and
constraints.
2. Setting the time frame for the activities.
3. Identifying the person/s responsible for the activities.
4. Determining human, financial and material resources.
5. Prepare the monitoring and evaluation plan.
STEP 3. Designing the Project
f.) Budget
The budget should include an estimate of the services,
equipment, facilities, and materials that can be contributed
by the beneficiaries (both in-kind and financial
contributions), so that the community knows the value of its
own contribution, donor agencies can see how much the
beneficiaries are contributing, because they often require
matching funds, ownership is reinforced.
STEP 3. Designing the Project
After the design has been made it should be
written down as a project plan and, when external
funding is needed, a project proposal should be
prepared, including a detailed budget.
Thank you.