Project Management
by:
LLuis Duaso Gonzales, Ph.D.
Concept of Supervision:
• The technique of personally motivating
and directing the energies and abilities
of an individual, or group of individuals
toward the accomplishment of pre-
determined goal.
• Largely dependent upon knowledge of
the job and upon familiarity with the
principles of human relations
Power of Supervision
• “Overseeing or the authority of an
officer to see to it that subordinate
officers perform their duties”
• If subordinate officers fail or neglect to
fulfill their duties, the official may take
such action or step as prescribed by
law to make them perform their duties.
• the power of supervision means no
more than the power of ensuring that
laws are faithfully executed or that
subordinate officers act within the law.
• The supervisor or superintendent
merely sees to it that rules are followed
but he does not lay down the rules, nor
he have discretion to modify or replace
them.
• If the rules are however, not or
improperly observed, then the
supervising authority may order the
work be done or redone, but only for
the purpose of conforming to such
rules.
Ambil, Jr v. Sandiganbayan, et al
as cited in Jardaleza v, Chief Justice Ma. Lourdes P. A.
Sereno, et al
Competencies:
• Opportunity to provide input to the decision-
making process
• Opportunity to have more control over the
type of police service rendered to the
community
• Opportunity to be in charge of an operation
• A broader perspective of the department’s
overall operation
• Recipient of additional training
• Direct assignments
Supervisory Functions:
Viewed from the concept of management,
supervisors perform the following
mangement functions: planning, organizing,
leading, and controlling.
Planning
• Defining an organization’s goals,
establishing an overall strategy for
achieving these goals, and developing
a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to
integrate and coordinate activities.
Organizing
• Supervisors a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r
designing an organization’s structure.
This function is called organizing. It
includes the determination of what
tasks are to be done, who is to do them,
how the tasks are to be grouped, who
reports to whom, and where decisions
are to be made.
Leading
• Every organization contains people,
and it is a supervisor's job to direct
and coordinate these people. When
managers motivate subordinates, direct
the activities of others, select the most
effective communication channels, or
resolve conflicts among members, they
are engaged in leading.
Controlling
• After the goals are set, plans formulated, structural
arrangements delineated, and the people hired,
trained and motivated, there is still the possibility
that something may go amiss. To ensure that things
are going as they should, management must monitor
the organization’s performance. Actual performance
must be compared with the previously set goals. If
there are any significant deviations, it is
management’s job to get the organization back on
track. This monitoring, comparing, and potential
correcting is what is meant by the controlling
function.
In summary:
Using the functional approach, the
answer to the question, What is the job
of a supervisor? Is that they plan,
organize, lead, and control.
Skills Expected for a Supervisor:
• Knowledge – Based Skills
• Human Skills
• Conceptual Skills
• Affective Skills
Knowledge – Based Skills
• Provide appropriate administrative and
technical support
• Knowing officer’s workload
• Reviewing reports for accuracy,
thoroughness and quality
• Implementing departmental policies, rules
and regulations
• Capability to do all tasks an officer must
perform
• Scheduling of officers according to
organizational priorities
• Training and development of officers
• Organizing work
Human Skills
• Listen and discuss problems with
subordinates
• Deal with officers as an individual
• Developing rapport with officers
• Perform as a professional
• Give praise when appropriate
• Motivates employees
• Resolves conflict
Conceptual Skills
• Demonstrates the ability to analyze
data and make decision
• Eliminating errors and improve
proficiency
• Identify emerging problems and work
for their resolution
• Identify objectives
• Assess performance
• Conceptualize the technical and human
aspects of the work environment
Affective Skills
• Integrate organizational community value
system
• Create an environment based in a belief of
equality and the opportunity for all to succeed
• Fairness in relationship with subordinates
• Value employees and their potential
contribution for the organization
• Awareness of personal strengths and
limitations
• Acceptance of responsibility
• Develop interrelationship based on equal
treatment
Test of Supervisory Skills
Situation:
• While the congress is in session, Rep.
Primitivo Delos Santos who was elected
for the second term in the 4th District of
Quezon City was charged before the court
for his alleged involvement in a large scale
manufacture of “Shabu”. Subsequently,
a warrant of arrest was issued against him
by the court.
1. Using the knowledge-based skill of SPO2 Laconico who was tasked as
a team leader to effect said arrest, which of the following statements
would BEST justify their action?
a. Rep. Delos Santos committed a heinous crime hence he must be arrested;
b. The penalty for the offense charged against Rep. Delos Santos is
punishable by more than six (6) years of imprisonment hence he is not
immune from arrest;
c. Section 5 of R.A. 9165 penalizes the acts of manufacturing and
selling illegal drugs including Methamphetamine hydrochloride
otherwise known as “shabu” hence Rep. Delos Santos must be
arrested for such act;
d. Rep. Delos Santos’ crime waives his immunity from arrest; and
e. Rep. Delos Santos as a member of congress does not enjoy
absolute immunity from arrest.
2. Armed with his conceptual skill, SPO2 Laconico as the team leader
ensures that in effecting said arrest, the procedure is done in
accordance with the law and as required under the Police Operational
Procedures. Which of the following statements CLEARLY provide cues
for possible problems that his team may encounter if they manifest
laxity and failure to strictly observe the process?
[Link] the image of the PNP will be tainted if they failed to legitimately effect said
arrest;
b. That as an influential person, suspect is expected to exhaust all possible
remedies including technicalities of his arrest to free him from criminal liabilities;
c. That members of the team may be charged both criminally and
administratively if they fail to strictly and lawfully implement the process;
d. That the media will surely cover the issue;
e. That failure on their part to lawfully arrest the suspect will provide a negative
impact to the government’s program of eradicating drug menace in this
country.
3. In effecting said arrest, SP02 Laconico’s knowledge-based skill as a
team leader is manifested by the following, EXCEPT...
a. He would introduce himself and show proper dentification;
b. He would make a manifestation of authority against Rep. Delos Santos;
c. He will break into the residence, office, building, and other structure where Rep.
Delos Santos is in or is reasonably believed to be in, after announcing his
purpose;
d. He may need not have a copy of the warrant in his possession at the time of the
arrest. However, if Rep. Delos Santos so requires, the warrant shall be shown to
him as soon as possible; and
e. He would secure Rep. Delos Santos.
4. If the operation fails due to some irregularities in the conduct of said
arrest, SPO2 Laconcio’s affective skill as a team leader would be
manifested LEAST LIKELY by which of the following...
a. That he would take full responsibility of the lapses
committed by the team;
[Link] he would get ready for the consequences of their action;
c. That he would not engage in finger-pointing;
d. That he would not be onion skinned for criticisms and negative
comments; and
e. That he would strongly fight for the legality of the procedure they
implemented as a team.
5. To ensure that Rep. Delos Santos rights as a suspect will be protected,
which of the following will be PRIMARILY observed by SPO2
Laconico?
a. He will conduct thorough search for weapons and other illegal
materials on the person arrested and surroundings within his
immediate control;
b. He will recite to him the Miranda Doctrine;
c. He will not use unnecessary force in making the arrest;
d. He will ensure that confiscated evidence shall be properly
documented; and
e. He will bring Rep. Delos Santos to the Police Station for
documentation.
End...