FABRICATION OF BIOPOLYMER WOUND

DRESSING USING
SOLVENT CASTING TECHNIQUE
MUHAMMAD ANUAR BIN OTHMAN
Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

ABSTRACT
Hoven’s Carp fish (Leptobarbus hoevenii) or ‘Ikan Jelawat’ byproduct, a waste product from the discarded parts of the fish was hydrolyzed using proteolytic enzyme
pepsin for 90 minutes under controlled pH and temperature. The enzymatic Hydrolysis were terminated to form Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) solution and analyzed
its functional groups and component contents to meet the objectives. The FTIR spectroscopy results show the presence of functional groups includes alcohol, alkynes,
amide etc. and both essential and non-essential amino acids including aspartate, glutamate and serine were observed from HPLC chromatography. It was observed
that there were bioactive components available due to the presence of amino acids composition and other organic materials in the FPH sample. In overall, fish by-
product were found to contain bioactive peptides and functional properties that can be further studied in pharmaceutical and neutraceutical industry.

INTRODUCTION APPLICATION
• Huge amount of solid waste in the form of fish head, skin, bones or
viscera are discarded daily from sea food processing plants and from the
fish consumers.
• It is surprisingly rich in minerals, amino acids and fat soluble vitamins that
gives nutritional values which are valuable sources of raw material for
recovery of bioactive compounds. Figure 5: FPH in
• Fishery byproducts can become highly marketable in functional form Pharmaceutical Industry

termed as Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) by conversion of enzymatic Figure 1: Raw Ikan Jelawat Figure 2: FPH solution Figure 3: FPH powder
hydrolysis and future potential of market demand is now spotted .
OBJECTIVES
FISH PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE • To isolate and peptides from fish waste by-product
• Complex mixture of free amino acid and small peptide fragments. using enzymatic hydrolysis method
• It is a breakdown of enzymatic conversion of fish protein into • To determine the potential of bioactive peptide and
smaller peptides, normally contain 2-20 amino acids. functional properties of fish protein hydrolysate
• It contains minimum 70% of hydrolyzed protein from the by-product Figure 4: FPH in Neutraceutical Industry

METHODOLOGY
Pretreatment Proximate Analysis Enzymatic Hydrolysis Recovery Laboratory analysis

- Raw sample - Test for Ave Protein - Heating - Cool down to - FTIR chromatography
preparation content - Homogenization room Temp. test
- Mincing - Test for Ave pH value - Enzymatic Hydrolysis - Centrifugation -HPLC spectrometer
- Blending - Enzyme termination test
- Storage
RESULT & DISCUSSION
Proximate Analysis Determination of Functional Group & Organic Matter
Samples pH content Protein content (using (elemental • The FPH samples are tested with FTIR spectroscopy before and after
(using pH meter) analyzer) the component separation.
1 8.1 77.1% • To identify the functional group & organic matter present in the FPH
2 7.9 67..3%
Peak
3 7.6 75.3% Peak
(before Functional Functional 100.0

Table 1: Proximate Analysis Data (after component

95

90 2258.50

component Groups Group

1040.12
85
921.91
80

separation) 75
1640.59

Determination of Amino Acid Composition

70

separation)
%T
65
746.37
3376.96
60

717.32
55
688.35

50 658.85
542.40

•
630.56
45

The FPH samples are tested with using HPLC Chromatography after FTIR 3367.30 Alcohol 3367.33 Alcohol
600.30

40 570.90

37.5
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
cm-1

test is done 2922.50 Alkyl 2256.58 Alkyne 99.5

• Quantity and types of amino acid are determined based on peak’s data
99.4
95
98

2855.06 Aldehyde 1631.30 Amide

96
90
2258.39
94 1374.46
85
92

90
80

88
75
86 1639.77

2923.67 C-H - -
%T 1640.49
%T 70
84

82
65
80
3384.51
78
60

76 3352.03

55

1743.58 Carboxylic. Acid - -

74

72
50

70.0
45.1
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 cm-1 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
cm-1

1743.45 Alkenes - -
98.7

Table 3: Functional Group detected based on peaks 95

98.2

95
90

90 1038.27

85 2258.41
2257.32 1374.86
1374.37
85

80
80

102.3
75
75 1636.78

100
Figure 6: Amino Acid quantification and Determination
%T 1636.30
70
70
%T
98 65
101.5 3401.93
65
96 60
3386.00
94 60
55
95
101.5
92

FPH sample Amino acid present

50
3367.30 55

90 3010.80 1648.00
45
90
50
88
95 2853.14 48.6
38.9
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
1457.041377.34 4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 cm-1
1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
85
86 cm-1
2852.83
90
84 1159.86
80 2923.17 1743.58 1464.17
82 2923.67 1741.37
85

1 Aspartate Glutamate Serine %T 80

75
80
78
70
76
75
1636.78
Figure 7: functional Group data
after the separation
%T
74

2 Aspartate Glutamate Serine

65 720.47
72
70
2853.06
70 1637.16 1158.12
%T 60
65
68
3342.44
66
55
60

3 Aspartate Glutamate Serine 64

50
55
62

59.7
45
50
2922.50
1743.45

3340.84
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
cm-1

Table 2: Amino Acid content in FPH 40

45

36.9
40
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
cm-1

CONCLUSIONS
33.9
4000.0 3600 3200 2800 2400 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 515.0
cm-1

figure 8: Functional Group data before the separation

• Fish Protein Hydrolysate (FPH) is a good source of protein which contain
arrays of potential functional and bioactive properties. REFERENCES
• Hoven’s carp by product statistically contain good functional and bioactive
properties that can be further research to benefit the world by converting I. Gordon, Y. J., Romanowski, E. G., & McDermott, A. M. (2005). A Review of
the unused product into a market valued product that can benefit in Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Therapeutic Potential as Anti-Infective Drugs. Current
Eye Research, 30(7), 505–515
neutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
II. Hou, Y., Wu, Z., Dai, Z., Wang, G., & Wu, G. (2017). Protein hydrolysates in animal
nutrition: Industrial production, bioactive peptides, and functional
significance. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology