National Security -
Beyond Physical Safety:
An Analysis to an Encompassing Security Situation of the Philippines
Babiano|Bautista|Bernardo
“We put the B in AB”
Outline
I. Introduction
II. Situation
III. Problem
IV. Intervention
V. Resolution
VI. Recommendation
2
INTRODUCTION
Definition of National Security
• What is National Security?
“National security is a state or condition where most cherished values and
beliefs, way of life, institutions of governance and unity, welfare and well-being
as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced.”
INTRODUCTION
Fundamental Elements
1. Socio-Political Stability
2. Territorial Integrity
3. Economic Solidarity and Strength
4. Ecological Balance
5. Cultural Cohesiveness
6. Moral-Spiritual Consensus
7. External Peace
INTRODUCTION
Domestic Threat
• Internal Armed Conflicts
• Terrorism
• Weak Institutions
INTRODUCTIONc
External Threat
• Global and Regional Geopolitical Issues
• Overlapping Territorial and Maritime Claims and Other Regional Concerns
• Regional Military Build-up and Weapons of Mass Destruction
Situation
• The Philippines is doing an attempt to level the playing field.
SITUATION
Mutual Defense Treaty (U.S. – Philippines)
• August 30, 1951
• Washington D.C., U.S.A.
• Embedded are articles that dictate that both nations would support each
other if either party were to be attacked by an external party
SITUATION
Balikatan (Shoulder-to-Shoulder) Exercises
• Considered as the annual military exercises between the Philippines and the
United States
• series of bilateral exercises based on the 1951 Mutual Defense Treaty
SITUATION
Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement
(U.S. – Philippines)
• Signed on April 28, 2014
• Manila, Philippines
• The EDCA seeks to bolster the U.S. – Philippines security relationship by
allowing the United States to station troops and operations on Philippine
territory. However, the Agreement clearly states that the U.S. is not allowed
to establish a permanent base. The Agreement also stipulates that the U.S. is
not allowed to store or position any nuclear weapons on Philippine territory
SITUATION
Pacific Partnerships
• Annual deployment of forces from the Pacific Fleet of the United States
Navy (USN), in cooperation with regional governments and military forces,
along with humanitarian and non-government organizations.
Problem
• China is bolstering up with their territorial interests.
• The Philippines is engaging different activities with foreign nations without
existing SOFA (Status of Forces Agreement)
Intervention/Innovation
• State’s Intervention
• Drafting of Omnibus Implementing Rules and Regulations
Resolution
To protect/pursue the national interest:
• We must be free from domestic threats
• Avoid destabilization incidents
• formulate counter-insurgency policies
Recommendation
• Strengthen institutions to avoid the occurrence of the following: graft and
corruption, poverty, partisan armed groups, and criminality.
• Resolve conflict thru diplomacy rather than resorting to coercion or
aggression
• Never allow zero-sum games
References
• [Link]
• [Link]
• John Pike, "Status of Forces Agreement". [Link], 2005.
• The Avalon Project, "Mutual Defense Treaty Between the United States and
the Republic of the Philippines; August 30, 1951" Yale Law School, Lillian
Goldman Law Library