HANTA VI RU S
Inf ection s
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Hanta Viruses
Hanta virus belong to family
- Bunyaviridae
Found Globally
Causes serious diseases, can
be fatal
It is estimated there are
100,000 to 200,000
infections occur worldwide.
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Hanta Virus diseases
Hantavirus infections are caused by a group of
viruses known as hantaviruses. These viruses
cause two serious illnesses in humans. They
are hemorrhagic (pronounced heh-meh-RA-
jik) fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
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Hanta virus
Source of Hanta Virus Infections
There are several distinct
Hanta viruses, each
associated with specific
Rodent Host
The Infection in Rodents are
life long without deleterious
effects.
Humans get infected by
inhaling aerosols of Rodent
excreta.
( Urine, Feces, Saliva )
Spread of Hanta Virus Infections
Breeding of Rodents have
relation to spread of
Infection
Diseases produced by Hanta
virus Infections
1 Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome
( HFR )
2 Hanta virus pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS )
Infection with Hanta virus is associated with
Geographic distribution of Rodents and nature
of the Virus.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal
Syndrome
The virus were first isolated
in 1976 in Korea from a
Rodent Apodemus Agraris
Urban Rats are to be
persistently infected with
Hanta virus
Rats migrate on trading
ships and disperse the virus
world wide
Hanta virus infection has
occurred in persons whose
occupations place them in
contact with Rats
Hemorrhagic Fever – Renal syndrome
Acute Hanta viral infection causes a Interstitial
nephritis
Lead to acute renal insufficiency and renal
failure in severe form
Generalized hemorrhage and shock may occur
with case fatalities upto 5 – 15 %
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Man ge me nt
Hemorrhagic fever, and
renal failure are managed
with supportive treatment.
Rodent control
Protection from exposure to
rodent droppings and
contaminated material.
Hanta virus – Pulmonary syndrome
Caused by novel Hanta virus
( Sin Nombre virus )
First case was reported from North
America
Primarily an adult respiratory
disease syndrome
The deer mouse ( Peromyscus
maniculats) is the primary rodent
for Sin Nombre virus
10 % of the deer mouse are infected.
Other viruses resembling novel
Hantavirus can cause Hanta viral
pulmonary syndrome
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Other viruses causing HPS
New York virus
Black Creek canal virus
Bayou virus
and each type of virus
has a different Rodent
host
Clinical Manifestations
Infections and subclinical infections are not common.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is generally severe with
reported mortality rate of > 30 % or greater.
Present with
Fever, Headache,Myalgia
Prolonged pulmonary edema
Leading to respiratory compromise
No signs of hemorrhage
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Pathogenesis
Hanta viral antigens are found in endothelial
cells.
In macrophages in lung, heart,
Spleen,Lymphnodes
Leads to functional impairment of vascular
endothelium
Person to person transmission is rare
Laboratory Diagnosis
Detection of antigens by immuno
histochemistry,
RT – PCR for viral antigen detection
Specific antibodies by recombinant proteins
A four fold rise of IgM antibody titer between
acute and convalescent serum is diagnostic
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Management
Maintenance of adequate O2
Supporting homodynamic
functioning
Antiviral drug Ribavirin is
some benefit
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Control and Prevention
Rodent control
Avoiding control of Rodents
and Rodent droppings
Care must be taken to avoid
inhaling aerolized dried
excreta when cleaning
Rodent infected structures.
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Created for benefit of
Health Care Workers
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Email
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