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Inverse Functions and Their Properties

The document summarizes information about inverse functions. It provides examples of inverse functions f(x) and g(x), where g(x) is the inverse of f(x). It explains that for a function to have an inverse, it must be one-to-one. A function is one-to-one if it passes both the horizontal line test and algebraic manipulation test: no two inputs can map to the same output. To find the inverse of a function f(x), interchange x and y and solve for y in terms of x.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
25 views15 pages

Inverse Functions and Their Properties

The document summarizes information about inverse functions. It provides examples of inverse functions f(x) and g(x), where g(x) is the inverse of f(x). It explains that for a function to have an inverse, it must be one-to-one. A function is one-to-one if it passes both the horizontal line test and algebraic manipulation test: no two inputs can map to the same output. To find the inverse of a function f(x), interchange x and y and solve for y in terms of x.
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Consider the function below.

𝒇 𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟑
1. Find the corresponding y-values of the function f given the
values of x. Tabulate the result in a table like the one below.
f(x) x 0 1 2 3 4
y
2. Using the y-values in number 1 as the x-values of another
𝒙+𝟑
function g 𝒙 = , make a table of values for the function
𝟒

g(x) x
y
An INVERSE FUNCTION is
a function that reverses
another function.

It is denoted by −1
𝑓 , called
inverse of function f.
f(x) x 0 1 2 3 4
y -3 1 5 9 13

g(x) x -3 1 5 9 13
y 0 1 2 3 4

The functions f(x) and g(x) are inverses of one


another if the domain of f(x) is the range of g(x),
and the range of f(x) is the domain of g(x).
𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒, 𝟑 , 𝟓, 𝟏 , (−𝟐, 𝟕)

−𝟏
𝒇 (𝒙) = 𝟑, 𝟒 , 𝟏, 𝟓 , (𝟕, −𝟐)
f(x) x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 4 1 0 1 4

g(x) x 4 1 0 1 4
y -2 -1 0 1 2

Is g(x) a function?
1 a a 1

2 b b 2

3 3
c c
4 4

f(x) g(x)
A function has an inverse
function if and only if it is a
one-to-one function.
1. Algebra Manipulation
If you substitute both positive and negative of a
number to a function and gives a unique answer then it is
one-to-one.
Example: f(x) = 2x +1

Let x = 2. Let x = -2.


f(x) = 2x +1 f(x) = 2x +1
f(2) = 2(2) +1 f(-2) = 2(-2) +1
f(2) = 4 +1 f(-2) = -4 +1
f(2) = 5 f(-2) = -3
2. Horizontal Line Test
If a horizontal line intersects a function’s graph more
than once, then the function is NOT one-to-one.
STEPS:
1. Let y = f(x).
2. Interchange x and y, and get x = f(y).
3. Solve for y in terms of x.
4. Write the solution as y = 𝑓 (x)
−1
SEATWORK:
Find the inverse of the following functions.

1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 4. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 2
2. 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 5 5. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3
2
2𝑥
3. 𝑓 𝑥 = 3 − 5

“In a minute there is time for decisions and


revisions which a minute will reverse.” -T.S. Eliot

Common questions

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Using y-values from one function as x-values in another helps illustrate inverse functions by showing how the transformations are reversed. When applied to another function like g(x)= (x+3)/4, using y-values from f(x) as x-values for g(x) directly demonstrates their inversive relationship, as you end up recreating the original x-values used in f(x). This signifies how inverse functions map outputs back to their original inputs.

A function fails the test for having an inverse if it does not satisfy the one-to-one condition. This occurs if different x-values in the domain yield the same y-value, breaking the bijective condition. For example, if f(x) = x^2, f(1) = 1 and f(-1) = 1, which fails the horizontal line test as multiple domain values map to the same range value . Such non-uniqueness precludes constructing a valid inverse function.

The horizontal line test states that if a horizontal line intersects a function’s graph more than once, the function is not one-to-one . If a function is not one-to-one, it implies that it does not have an inverse function, as multiple x-values could correspond to the same y-value, making its inverse not well-defined .

It is significant for a function to reverse another function because it demonstrates their bijective nature, meaning each value in the function’s range maps back to a unique domain value. This implies that the two functions are inverses and have a one-to-one correspondence, reflecting an essential aspect of mathematical symmetry and reversibility . This ensures continuity and logical consistency within function operations.

Tabulating x and y values shows the precise input-output relationship of a function, aiding in understanding its inverse properties. By observing the interchangeability of roles between domain and range, one can see how an inverse function restores the original input from an output . This demonstrates the reversal and encourages recognizing patterns that define the inverse's effectiveness.

The symmetry in inverse functions implies that the graph of an inverse is a reflection over the line y=x. This symmetry showcases the reversal of roles in input-output pairs. In transformations described as using g(x)= (x+3)/4 with y-values from f(x) as x-values, the resulting outputs mirror the inputs of f(x), demonstrating symmetrical reversal . Such symmetry underpins the bijective relationship essential to function inverses.

For the functions f(x) and g(x) to be considered inverse functions, f(x) must map each x-value uniquely to a y-value, and g(x) must map each of its x-values (corresponding to f(x)'s range) back to the original x-values of f(x). Their respective domains and ranges must match inversely, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the two functions' domain and range .

No, a function cannot be considered invertible if the range of the original function is not the domain for its inverse. For two functions to be inverses of each other, the domain of one should be the range of the other and vice versa . This mutual exclusivity ensures that each output corresponds directly to a single unique input when the functions are inverted.

To find the inverse of a function, follow these steps: 1. Let y = f(x). 2. Interchange x and y to get x = f(y). 3. Solve for y in terms of x. 4. Write the solution as y = f^-1(x). It is important to determine if a function has an inverse because only one-to-one functions have inverses. This means each x in the domain corresponds to exactly one y in the range, which ensures that the inverse function is also well-defined .

Algebraic manipulation involves evaluating the function at both positive and negative versions of x to see if it gives unique outputs. For f(x) = 2x + 1, if x = 2, f(2) = 4 + 1 = 5, and if x = -2, f(-2) = -4 + 1 = -3 . Since each input gives a unique output, the function is one-to-one. This confirms that each x-value in the domain maps to a unique y-value, essential for the existence of an inverse function .

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