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Protein Synthesis Overview by Priyanka Tyagi

Protein synthesis involves amino acids joining together via peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Amino acids are activated through the attachment of tRNA, which carries the amino acids to the ribosome where protein synthesis takes place. The ribosome binds to mRNA and uses its two subunits and three binding sites to initiate polypeptide chain formation, elongate the chain by adding additional amino acids one by one, and terminate chain formation when a stop codon is reached.

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Kumar Munendra Prf
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26 views17 pages

Protein Synthesis Overview by Priyanka Tyagi

Protein synthesis involves amino acids joining together via peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Amino acids are activated through the attachment of tRNA, which carries the amino acids to the ribosome where protein synthesis takes place. The ribosome binds to mRNA and uses its two subunits and three binding sites to initiate polypeptide chain formation, elongate the chain by adding additional amino acids one by one, and terminate chain formation when a stop codon is reached.

Uploaded by

Kumar Munendra Prf
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

TRANSLATION

Presented by:
Mrs. Priyanka Tyagi PGT (Biology)
Kendriya vidyalaya (Dogra Lines)
Meerut Cantt.
Protein synthesis
In this process amino acids become
joined together by peptide bond to
form polypeptides.
ACTIVATION OF AMINO
ACIDS
Amino acid (AA)+ ATP amino-acyl-tRNA synthetase AA-AMP-ENZ +PPi

AA-AMP-ENZ+ tRNA AA-tRNA + AMP + ENZ


Initiation of polypeptide chain
 The ribosome has two subunits- a large
subunit and a small subunit.
 The mRNA binds to the small subunit and
the translation begins.
 There are two sites on large subunit-the P-
site and A-site.
 The small subunit attaches to the large
subunit in such a way that the initiation
codon (AUG) comes on the P-site.
 The initiator t RNA (methionyl t RNA) binds
to the P-site.
Elongation of polypeptide chain
 A second tRNA charged with another
amino acid binds to the A-site.
 A peptide (CO-NH) bond is formed
between the carboxyl group of first amino
acid and amino group of second amino
acid.
 The ribosome moves from codon to codon
along the mRNA in the 5’  3’ direction.
Termination of polypeptide chain
 When one of the termination codons
comes at the A-site, it does not code for
any amino acid and there is no tRNA
molecule for it.
 As a result the polypeptide synthesis
stops.
 The nascent polypeptide chain is released
from the ribosome.

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