BY NOORUDDIN NAZAR ALI
KABUL, AFGHANISTAN
CONTENTS
Introduction, meanings
Importance of Management
Evolution of Management
Principles
Management levels
Managerial skills
Productivity, efficiency, and effectiveness
Management science or art?
Managerial functions
Motivation
Appraisal
MBO (Management by Objectives)
Decision making
The nature and meaning of Management…
Management defined
To gain and understanding of the nature and
meaning of management let us review the ideas
and views expressed by academicians and
practitioners.
The importance of management
( in our daily life or in business environment)
To manage our daily tasks.
What are those main tasks which you want to
do?
How you control those tasks? And revision.
How you’ll manage the process of designing
and maintaining an environment? (in
business)
How to work in a team or group to achieve
the selected goals effectively and efficiently?
Evolution of Management
Henry L. Gantt
*Mutuality of interest between management and labor.
*Importance on time and cost in controlling.
Fayol theory
Fayol Principals
* Division of work * Authority and responsibility
* Discipline * Unity of command
* Unity of direction * Subordinations of individual to general
interest
* Remuneration * Centralization
* Scalar Chain * Order
* Equity * Stability of Tenure
* Initiative * Spirit de corp
Levels of Management
Third Level Management
Second Level Management
First Level Management
Tasks of Management at each
Level
Third level Management
* Develops and Reviews long range plans and
strategies
* Evaluate overall performance of various dept and
ensures cooperation.
* Involved in selection of key personal.
* Consulate subordinate managers on general scopes or
problems.
Second level Management
* Makes plans of intermediate range & prepares longrange
plans for
review by top management .
* Establish departmental policies.
* Review daily and weekly reports on production or sales.
* Councils subordinates on production, personnel , or other
problems.
* Selection and recruitment of personnel.
Tasks of Management at each Level
First Level Management
* Makes detailed, short range operating plans.
* Reviews performance of subordinates.
* Supervises day-to-day operations.
* Makes specific task assignments.
* Maintain close contact with operative employees.
Skills needed at different
1st line Management
Levels 2nd line Management 3rd line Management
Conceptual Conceptual Conceptual
Technical
Technical
Technical
Productivity, efficiency, and
effectiveness
Productivity
is the maximum outputs by utilizing minimum
inputs due consideration of time and quality.
• Efficiency
achieving the outputs with the least amount of
resources and time.
• Effectiveness
is the achievement of the outputs with the best
quality.
Management science or art?
Management is science because it is organized
knowledge.
The essential features of any science is the
application of the scientific method to the
development of knowledge.
Science comprises clear concepts, theory and
other knowledge.
Management is both science and art.
• Management like all other practices, whether
medicines, music, composition, etc….
• It is doing things practically in the lights of the
realities of the situation.
• In conclusion, Management is both science and
art.
System approach to organizational
Management
Input Process Outputs
External
environment
Land Planning Products
Labor Organizing Services
Capital Staffing Public
Image
Organization Leading
Controlling
Managerial functions
With out basic function a manager has three main
responsibilities.
Responsibility to self: -
This involves carrying out the duties and responsibilities of
managerial
jobs to the best of one’s ability.
Responsibility to subordinates: -
Developing subordinates for future responsibilities and helping
them to
perform adequately in their current jobs.
Responsibility to the organization: -
Strengthening the organization for continued growth while
working
toward the established goals.
Managerial functions
Managerial functions
A Manager is
Planning
Organizing
PLANNING
PLANNING is a pervasive & continues executive function
involving complex process of perception, analysis,
conceptual thought, communication, decision and action.
Types Plan
Single use plans Short range plans
Standing plans Long Range plans
Intermediate
Marketing plans
range
Financial plans Production plans
Man power plans Strategic plans
Organizing Organization structure
Managing
director
Types of organization
Production M
* profit organization
Fore
* Non profit organization man
* Formal organization
Workers
* Informal organization MKT manager
* Public organization
Fin manager
* Private organization
* Manufacturing org HR manager
Eng manager
* Services
Staffing
Finding and identifying talent.
Pinpointing hiring needs through the precise definition of
the aptitudes and abilities sought.
Developing new talent through training and self developing
programmed.
Keeping talent once it is fixed.
Steps for choosing a suitable candidate….
•Screening
•Application blanks
•Testing
•Interviewing
•Reference check
•Meeting with department head
•Physical examination
•induction
LEADING
Directing employees activities toward the
achievement of objectives or goals.
s defined as the process of influencing people so
that they will contribute to organizational and
group goals - the process of arousing and
Motivation
sustaining goal-directed behavior
Controlling
The modern concept of control gives a new idea about a new
system that not only provide a historical record of what has
happened to the business as a whole but pinpoint the reason why
it has happened and provide data that enable the chief executive
or the departmental head to take corrective actions if he finds that
he is on the wrong track.
C
O Monitoring stage
N P
T R
R O Reviewing stage
O C
L E
I S Correcting Stage
N S
G
Follow up Stage
REFERENCE
Nooruddin Nazar Ali (BBA)
MARIYAM University of Business
Administration and IT Education Kabul
Afghanistan.
Emails: -
nooruddin_nazari45@[Link] ,
nhts143@[Link]
Contact No: 0093 799 160 886