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Matrix Inversion and Cramer's Rule Guide

The document discusses two methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations: 1. Cramer's rule, which uses determinants and matrix inversions to find the values of the variables. 2. The elimination method, which is an extension of Gauss-Jordan elimination. It finds the inverse of the coefficient matrix [A] and sets it equal to the identity matrix [I] to solve for the variables. Examples are provided to illustrate both methods.

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7 views12 pages

Matrix Inversion and Cramer's Rule Guide

The document discusses two methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations: 1. Cramer's rule, which uses determinants and matrix inversions to find the values of the variables. 2. The elimination method, which is an extension of Gauss-Jordan elimination. It finds the inverse of the coefficient matrix [A] and sets it equal to the identity matrix [I] to solve for the variables. Examples are provided to illustrate both methods.

Uploaded by

maulana
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MATRIX INVERSION

Invers matrik [A] adalah [A]-1

 A A1  A  A
1

a11 x1  a12 x2  a13 x3  b11 y1  b12 y 2


a21 x1  a22 x2  a23 x3  b21 y1  b22 y 2
a31 x1  a32 x2  a33 x3  b31 y1  b32 y 2
Dimana :
z1  b11 y1  b12 y 2
z 2  b21 y1  b22 y 2
z3  b31 y1  b32 y 2
Bentuk matriknya:
 a11 a12 a13   x1   z1 
a x   z 
 21 a 22 a 23   2   2
 a33     
 a31 a32   x3   z3 
 Ax  z
 A1  Ax   A1 z
1. CRAMER’S RULE
n
1
xj 
A
c z
i 1
ij i , j  1,2,3.....

dim ana : cij adalah kofaktordari matrik A


atau

x1 
1
c11z1  c21z2  c31z3 
A

x2 
1
A
c z  c22 z 2  c32 z3
12 1 
x3  c13 z1  c23 z 2  c33 z3 
1
A
Bentuk matrik :
 x1  c11 c21 c31   z1 
  1    z  atau x  1 C t Z 
 2
x   12 22 32   2 
c c c
x  A   A
 3 c13 c23 c33   z3 
Bentuk matrik lain :
t
 x1  c11 c21 c31  b11 b12   y1 
  1   b   y   x  1 C t B Y   A1 B Y 
 2
x   12 22 32   21 22   2 
c c c b
x  A   A
 3    
c13 c23 c33  b31 b32   y3 
Contoh 1

Solve the following set of equations using Cramer' s method of cofactors.


2 x1  x2  y1
2 x1  3 x2  y2
Solution :
c11  3, c12  2
c21  1, c22  2
 3  2  3  1
C      C   
t
 baris jadi kolom
 1 2   2 2 
 3  1 1  3  1
A  Cij 
1 1
A
t
  1

23  21  2 2  4  2 2 
 x1  1  3  1  y1 
x  A By     
1
 y 
 2
x 4   2 2  2 
3 1
x1  y1  y2 dan
4 4
1 1
x2   y1  y2
2 2
Contoh 2

x1  2 x2  3 x3  1  2 y1  3 y2
3 x1  x2  2 x3  5  y1  2 y2
7 x1  4 x2  x3  2  3 y1  y2
Solution :
1 2  3  x1  1 2 3   1 
 3  1 2   x   5  1 2   y 
  2    1 
7 4 1   x3  2 3  1  y2 
A x  B y
Persamaan untuk menentukannilai x :
x  A1 B y
1 2 2 3 2 3
c11   9, c21    14, c31  1
4 1 4 1 1 2
3 2 1 3 1 3
c12    11, c22   22, c32    11
7 1 7 1 3 2
3 1 1 2 1 2
c13   19, c23    10, c33   7
7 4 7 4 3 1
Matrik kofaktor:
 9 11 19 
c   14 22 10 
 1  11  7 
3
det A   cij aij , dim ana : j  1
i 1

 c11a11  c21a21  c31a31   9 1   14 3  17   44

A1  1
A
 
cij
t

 9  14 1 
1 
 11 22  11
 44 
 19 10  7 
x  A1 B  y 
 x1   9 14  1 1 2 3  1 
  1     y 
 x2     11  22 11  5  1 2  1 
x  44
 3  19  10 7  2 3  1  
 y2 
 x1   77 1 56   1 
  1   y 
 x2     99 33  88  1 
 x  44   55  7  84  y 
 3   2 
x1  ?, x2  ? , x3  ?
Problems
1. Use Cramer’s method of cofactors to determine the inverse for the following matrix :
 2 1 5
A   3 4 1
 9 6 1

2. Solve the following system of equations for x1 , x2 , and x3 using matrix inversion :
x1  7 x2  8 x3  y1  3 y2  2 y3
2 x1  x2  x3  3 y1  4 y2  y3
8 x1  x2  4 x3  y1  y2
2. ELIMINATION METHOD
Metode ini merupakan pengembangan metode Gauss-Jordan untuk penyelesaian
Sistem persamaan aljabar linear.

 a11 a12 a13  b11 b12 b13 


A  a21 a22 a23   A1  B  b21 b22 b23 
 a31 a32 a33  b31 b32 b33 
Then by definition we have;
AB  BA  I ,
or more exp licitly
 a11 a12 a13  b11 b12 b13  1 0 0
a a23  b21 b22 b23   0 1 0
 21 a22
 a31 a32 a33  b31 b32 b33  0 0 1
 a11 a12 a13  b11 b12 b13  1 0 0
a a a  b b b   0 1 0 
 21 22 23   21 22 23   
 a31 a32 a33  b31 b32 b33  0 0 1
a11b11  a12b21  a13b31  1
a11b12  a12b22  a13b32  0
a11b13  a12b23  a13b33  0

a11b12  a12b22  a13b32  0


a21b12  a22b22  a23b32  1
a31b12  a32b22  a33b32  0

a11b13  a12b23  a13b33  0


a21b13  a22b23  a23b33  0
a31b13  a32b23  a33b33  1
 a11 a12 a13 1 0 0
AI a21 a22 
a23 0 1 0
 a31 a32 a33 0 0 1
1 0 0 b11 b12 b13 
I B 0 1 0 b21 b22 
b23 
0 0 1 b31 b32 b33 
AI   I B 
Contoh:
Gunakan metode eliminasi Gauss  Jordan untuk menentukan variabel x.
x1  2 x2  y1
2 x1  x2  y2
Solusi :
1 2 1 0 
 
 2  1 0 1   2 R1  R2
1 2 1 0 1 2 1 0   2 R2  R1
  R2  2 1 
 0  5  2 1  5  0 1 5  5
1 0 1 2  x   1 2  y 
 5 5  
1 5 5  1 atau
 
0 1 2      y2 
5   2   5
1 x 2 1
 5 5
 1  2  x1  1   1  2  y1 
A1  1     
 5  2 1   x2   5  2 1   y2 

1 2  1 2
y 
5 1 5 2 y x1  y1  y2
  5 5
2 1  2 1
 y1  y2  x2  y1  y2
5 5  5 5
Problems
[Link] the following set of equations using Eliminatio n method
2 x1  x2  y1
2 x1  3 x2  y2

2. Solve the following system of equations for x1 , x2 , and x3 using Elimination method :
x1  7 x2  8 x3  y1  3 y2  2 y3
2 x1  x2  x3  3 y1  4 y2  y3
8 x1  x2  4 x3  y1  y2

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