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Understanding Soil Infiltration Rates

The document is about a presentation on infiltration by Rahul Kumar that was submitted to Mr. Srijan Mishra. It discusses the key topics of infiltration including the definition of infiltration as the process of water entry into soil. It also discusses factors that influence the rate of infiltration such as soil factors like texture, aggregation, and arrangement of particles as well as vegetation which can reduce surface sealing and increase infiltration rates. Finally, it shows graphs on the effect of protective soil covers on infiltration rates.

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23 views12 pages

Understanding Soil Infiltration Rates

The document is about a presentation on infiltration by Rahul Kumar that was submitted to Mr. Srijan Mishra. It discusses the key topics of infiltration including the definition of infiltration as the process of water entry into soil. It also discusses factors that influence the rate of infiltration such as soil factors like texture, aggregation, and arrangement of particles as well as vegetation which can reduce surface sealing and increase infiltration rates. Finally, it shows graphs on the effect of protective soil covers on infiltration rates.

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© All Rights Reserved
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SWAMI KESHVANAND INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT &


GRAMOTHAN, JAIPUR

INFILTRATION
PRESENTED BY: SUBMITTED BY:
RAHUL KUMAR MR SRIJAN MISHRA
17ESKCE086
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Infiltration
• The term infiltration is the process of water entry into the soil.
• The rate at which water infiltrates into the soil is the infiltration rate,
which has the dimensions of volume per unit of time per unit of
area, which reduces to depth per unit of time.
• Infiltration rate should not be confused with hydraulic conductivity,
which is the ratio of soil water flow rate (flux) to the hydraulic
gradient.
• After water enters the soil, it moves within the soil by a process
known as percolation.
Factors influencing the rate of
Infiltration

• Soil Factors
• Vegetation
Soil Factors
• The size of the micropores and the infiltration into the soil
depend on:
1. Soil texture
2. The degree of aggregation between the individual
particles
3. The arrangement of the particles and aggregates
• In general, larger pore sizes and greater continuity of the
pores result in higher infiltration rates.
Vegetation
• Vegetation can greatly reduce surface sealing.
• In general, vegetative and surface conditions have more influence
on infiltration rates than soil texture and structure.
• The protective cover may be grass, other close-growing vegetation,
plant residue, and mulch.
• If the protection of a vegetative cover is lost, surface sealing may
occur with drops in infiltration rates.
• Infiltration is higher for grass or mulched areas where the soil surface
is protected than that for bare soil conditions.
• Other soils may have higher or lower depths of infiltration.
Effect of protective cover on Infiltration rate
Questions &
Answers
1. The Pitot-static tube measure

A. Static pressure
B. Dynamic pressure
C. Difference between static and dynamic pressure
D. Difference between total and static pressure

Answer: D
It is used to measure velocity of fluid. Difference in the reading of pitot
tube and piezometer indicates the velocity head.
2. The most appropriate governing equations of
ideal fluid flow are

A. Euler’s equations
B. Navier Stokes equations
C. Reynold’s equations
D. Hagen-Poiseuille equations

Answer: A
Euler’s Equation considers only gravity and pressure but not
viscocity and since Ideal fluid has no viscosity, it is the most
appropriate governing equation.
3. Rainfall is also known as

A. Precipitation
B. Condensation
C. Infiltration
D. Down pour

Answer: A
The rainfall is also known as precipitaion, which is a natural process of
converting atmospheric vapour into water. Atmospheric vapour are
nothing but clouds which are contamination of air and water. When
the temperature goes below dew point then precipitaion takes place.
4. What is DMF?

A. Deep water flow


B. Dry water flow
C. Drawing web format
D. Dam water flood

Answer: B
Dry water flow ia a waste water flow in a sewer system during dry
weathers with minimum filtration process while entering the ground.
Insufficient flow velocities DMF can increase retention.
5. The maximum rate of flow
through the river is calculated by
A. Energy curves of flow
B. Force of flow
C. Pressure of flow
D. Head of flow

Answer: A
The maximum rate of flow through the river is calculated by energy
curves. Flood marks are also used to get the maximum flow rate.

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