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HEC-RAS Water Surface Profile Analysis

HEC-RAS is a software package developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for performing one-dimensional steady and unsteady flow river hydraulics calculations. It models river channels and computes water surface profiles based on steady or unsteady flow. The software solves the energy and momentum equations and is used for floodplain management, flood insurance studies, and assessing impacts of channel modifications.

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10 views25 pages

HEC-RAS Water Surface Profile Analysis

HEC-RAS is a software package developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for performing one-dimensional steady and unsteady flow river hydraulics calculations. It models river channels and computes water surface profiles based on steady or unsteady flow. The software solves the energy and momentum equations and is used for floodplain management, flood insurance studies, and assessing impacts of channel modifications.

Uploaded by

yashlin
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HEC-RAS

[Link]

US Army Corps of Engineers


Legend Hydrologic Engineering
WS 10 yr
Center
WS 50 yr

WS 100 yr
River Analysis System
Ground
Bank Station
School of Civil and
Monroe L. Weber-Shirk Environmental Engineering
Software for Steady-State Water
Surface Profiles
 HEC-RAS analyzes networks of natural and man-
made channels and computes water surface
profiles based on steady one-dimensional flow
hydraulics.
 includes
 composite channels
 supercritical-to-subcritical flows
 multi-waterway bridges
 culvert options
 Stable channel design
Hydraulic Analysis Components
 Steady Flow Water Surface Profiles
 flood plain management
 flood insurance studies
 effects of channel modifications
 Unsteady Flow Simulation
 model __________
storage
 levee failures
 Sediment Transport/Movable Boundary
 long term trends of scour and deposition
 maximum scour during large flood events
 design channels to maintain navigation depths
Steady Flow Water Surface
Profiles
Systems of channels
network
dendritic branching
single river reach
Subcritical, Supercritical, and Mixed
Channel Controls/Obstructions
bridge piers
culverts
weirs
Computational Procedure

 One-dimensional energy equation (_______ ___)


standard step
V12 V22
y1   S o x  y2   S f x
2g 2g
 energy losses
1V12  2V22
 friction - Manning Equation he  LS f  C 
 contraction/expansion - loss coefficient 2g 2g
 Momentum equation
 hydraulic jumps
 hydraulics of bridges
 stream junctions
Computational Procedure (1)

Assume a water surface elevation at the


upstream cross section (or downstream
cross section if a supercritical profile is
being calculated)
Based on the assumed water surface
elevation, determine the corresponding total
conveyance and velocity head.
1 1
K R Q  KS 1f / 2
Q  2/3 1/ 2 2/3
R
h AS f h A
n n
Computational Procedure (2)

Compute Sf and solve for losses


1V12  2V22
he  LS f  C 
2g 2g
Solve the energy equation for the water
surface V12 V22
y1   S o x  y2   S f x = he
2g 2g

Compare the computed value of depth with


iterate until the
the assumed value and ______
values agree within 0.01 feet.
Data Requirements

 Channel description
 length of reach
 channel roughness
 channel cross-section geometry
 Boundary conditions
 Structure geometry
 bridges
 culverts
 weirs
River Reach
0.2
10

Tributary

Upper Reach 0.1

9.9 River Stations


Numeric labels
9.8
0.0 increase upstream
Sutter

9.7
Lower Reach
9.6

9.5
Cross Section Data

x-y coordinates of
channel bottom
distance to
downstream cross-
section
Manning’s n
Channel Cross Section
Manning n for overbank areas
usually higher than for main
channel
Composite channel
calculations...

1
Q  Rh2 / 3 AS 1f / 2
n
S f  S f  S f  ...
1 2 N 1 
Q  Q1  Q2  ...
Q  Sf 
i 1
 Rh Ai 
 ni
2/3
i

Channel Section Interpolation

Water surfaces are calculated at each river


station
If water depth changes too much between
river stations then the calculations are
imprecise
Interpolate between rivers stations of known
geometry
Inline Weir Station Elevation
Editor
Weir Editor Resulting cross section
Boundary Conditions

Ways to specify Boundary Conditions


Known Water Surface Elevations
Critical Depth Mild
_______________
to Steep Transition
Normal Depth Uniform
_______________
flow
Rating Curve _______________
Control structure
Boundary Condition Requirements
Supercritical Flow ______________
Upstream depth
Subcritical Flow ______________
Downstream depth
Mixed Flow ______________
Upstream and Downstream
Program Structure

Input Output
Cross Sections
Channel geometry
Profiles
Flows and boundary Computed Rating Curves
conditions for each profile
3-D Cross Sections

Other Analysis Tabular Data

Scour at bridges Errors


Change from Mild to Steep Slope
homework homework plan 2 4/26/99
Legend
0.2
From this plot how can you know if EG PF#1
WS PF#1

flow is super or sub critical? Ground


0.0

-0.2

M2
Elevation (m)

-0.4

S2
-0.6

2
-0.8
yc  E
3
-1.0

-1020 -1015 -1010 -1005 -1000 -995 -990 -985


Main Channel Distance (m)
Mild slope behind Obstruction
homework homework plan 2 4/21/99
Legend

EG PF#1

1.0 WS PF#1
Ground

0.8

M1
Elevation (m)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0 200 400 600 800 1000


Main Channel Distance (m)
Additional Capabilities

Stable Channel Design


Sediment transport problem
Perform Channel Modifications
Cut and fill calculations
HEC-RAS Summary

HEC-RAS solves the energy and


momentum equations to calculate water
surface profiles
Modeling natural rivers is made difficult by
the need to obtain and enter the geometric
data
Wee Stinky Creek Problems

 What is wrong with Wee Stinky Creek?


 Bank erosion
 Is channel bed eroding also?
 Why is erosion a concern?
 Local - land/soil loss
 Downstream – sediment deposition
 What could be causing the erosion?
 Steep slope
 Impermeable surfaces with high runoff
 Lack of bank vegetation
 Lawn mowers
Wee Stinky Creek Solutions

 Decrease stream slope


 Meander
 Raise downstream sill
 Increase bottom width
 Decrease side slope
 Plant vegetation with deep roots next to stream
 Keep the lawn equipment away from the stream
Wee Stinky Design

How will you provide evidence that your


design will solve the problem?
Water Surface Profiles
Broad-crested Weir

3-D Cross Sections


homework homework plan 2 4/21/99
Legend

WS PF#1
Ground
Bank Sta
Ground
Boundary Condition Editor

 Known Water Surface


 Critical Depth
 Normal Depth
 Rating Curve

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