Scribd
Upload
9 views4 pages

Pipe Flow Dynamics and Analysis

Water flows steadily into a circular pipe. The velocity profile at the inlet is uniform but develops into a parabolic profile downstream due to viscosity. Using mass conservation, the maximum centerline velocity Vmax is calculated to be 2 times the average inlet velocity VO. Applying linear momentum conservation between the inlet and downstream section 1, the pressure drop between the two sections is estimated to be 1/3 of the dynamic pressure at the inlet, which is used to accelerate the flow into a parabolic profile.

Uploaded by

AhmedAlhosani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views4 pages

Pipe Flow Dynamics and Analysis

Water flows steadily into a circular pipe. The velocity profile at the inlet is uniform but develops into a parabolic profile downstream due to viscosity. Using mass conservation, the maximum centerline velocity Vmax is calculated to be 2 times the average inlet velocity VO. Applying linear momentum conservation between the inlet and downstream section 1, the pressure drop between the two sections is estimated to be 1/3 of the dynamic pressure at the inlet, which is used to accelerate the flow into a parabolic profile.

Uploaded by

AhmedAlhosani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Pipe Flow Example

Water flows steadily into the circular pipe with a uniform inlet velocity profile as
shown. Due to the presence of viscosity, the velocity immediately adjacent to the
inner pipe wall becomes zero and this phenomenon is called the no-slip boundary
condition. It is found out that the velocity distribution reaches a parabolic profile
at a distance downstream of the entrance and can be represented as
V1(r)=Vmax[1-(r/R)2], where Vmax is the velocity at the center of the pipe and r is
the radial distance measured away from the center axis. Use the mass
conservation equation, determine Vmax.

V1(r )=Vmax[1-(r/R)2]
P1

VO R: radius of pipe
PO
Mass Conseration

Mass conservation: 
t CV
 d     V  dA  0
CS

  V  dA  
IN OUT
 V  dA  0 0, steady state

 VO AO  
OUT
 V1dA1  0, since V & dA are in the same direction
r=R
VO AO  
r=0
V1 (r)(2 rdr), since dA1 =d( r 2 )  2 rdr

r=R
 r 2
 R
 r3 
VO ( R 2 )   Vmax  1- 2  (2 rdr)  2 Vmax   r  R 2 dr
r=0  R  0  
 R2  1
 2 Vmax     R 2
Vmax
 4  2
Therefore, Vmax  2VO
Momentum Conservation
Assume there is no significant forces acting between the pipe and the fluid
except the pressure forces normal to the pipe inlet (PO) and the section 1 (P1).
Use linear momentum conservation equation, estimate the pressure difference
between these two sections in order to accelerate the velocity profile inside the
pipe from the inlet to a parabolic profile at section 1. Assume the pressure is
uniform both at the inlet and section 1.


Momentum conservation: FS  FB  
t CV
Vd    V (V  dA)
CS

PO AO  P1 A1  Rx  
inlet
V (V  dA)  
section 1
V (V  dA)
R
( PO  P1 ) AO   VO2 AO   V12 d ( r 2 )
0
R
 r 2

  VO2 AO   Vmax
2
 1  2 
(2 rdr )
0  R 
Momentum Conservation (cont.)
2
R
 r 
2
( PO  P1 ) AO   V AO   V
O
2 2
max  1  2  (2 rdr )
0  R 
 R
2 r 2
r 4

  VO AO  2Vmax   1  2  4 ( rdr )
2 2

0
R R 
 R
2 r 3
r 5

  VO AO  2Vmax   r  2  4 dr
2 2

0
R R 
rR
r 2
2r 4
r  6
  V AO  2V
O
2 2
max  2  4R2  6R4 
  r 0
 R2  4
  V AO  2V
O
2 2
max  6    V 2
O OA  
  O AO
V 2

   3
1
PO  P1    VO2
 3

You might also like