POLYNOMIALS

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 BASIC CONCEPT
Zeroes of a polynomial. k is said to be zero of a polynomial
p(x) if p(k) = 0

Graph of a polynomial.

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1 The graph of a linear polynomial ax + b is a straight line.

2 The graph of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open upwards like
a ∪, if a> 0.

3 The graph of a quadratic polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c is a parabola open

4 In general, a polynomial p(x) of degree n crosses the x-axis at most n points.

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Relationship between the zeroes and the coefficient of a polynomial (Case 1)

1 If α, β are zeroes / roots of p(x) = ax2 + bx + c, then

−𝒃 −(𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐱)
2 Sum of Roots = 𝛂 + 𝛃 = =
𝒂 𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟐

𝒄 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎
3 Product of Roots = 𝛂𝛃 = = 𝐂𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝒙𝟐
𝒂

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Relationship between the zeroes and the coefficient of a polynomial (Case 2)

1 If α, β and γ are zeroes / roots of p(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, then

−b −(Coefficient of x2 )
2 Sum of Roots = α + β + γ = =
a Coefficient of x3

c Coefficient of x
3 Sum of Product of Roots taken two at a time = αβ + βγ + γα = = Coefficient of x3
a

−d −Constant term
4 Product of Roots = αβγ = = Coefficient of x3
a

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 Formation of quadratic polynomial

1 If α, β are roots of a quadratic polynomial p(x), then

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 Formation of cubic polynomial

1 If α, β and γ are zeroes of a cubic polynomial p(x), then

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 Division algorithm for polynomials

1 If p(x) and g(x) are any two polynomials with g(x) ≠ 0, then we can find polynomials
q(x) and r(x) such that
p(x) = q(x) × g(x) + r(x),
where r(x) = 0 or degree of r(x) < degree of g(x).

Step–1: Divide the highest degree term of the dividend by the highest degree
term of the divisor and obtain the remainder.

Step-2: If the remainder is 0 or the degree of the remainder is less than the divisor,
then we cannot continue the division any further. If the degree of the
remainder is equal to or more than the divisor, repeat step-1.

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1 Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial p(x) = x2 + 7x + 12.

SOLUTION

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2 Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 5 + 2 and 5 - 2

SOLUTION

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3 Find a cubic polynomial with the sum of the zeroes, sum of the product of its zeroes taken
two at a time, and the product of its zeroes are 5, –6 and –20 respectively.

SOLUTION

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4 Find all the zeroes of a polynomial 4x4 – 20x3 + 23x2 + 5x – 6 if two of its zeroes are 2 and 3.

SOLUTION

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5 If 2x2 + cy – 3y2 + x + ay – 10 = (2x + 3y + b)(x – y – 2) then find the values of a and b.

SOLUTION

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6 Find the value of n for which the expressions 9x4 – 12x3 – nx2 – 8x + 4 becomes a perfect
square.

SOLUTION

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7 The polynomials ax3+3x2-3 and 2x3-5x+a when divided by (x-4) leaves remainder R1 and R2
respectively then find the value of a if 2R1 – R2 = 0

SOLUTION

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8 If one factor of a(x + y + z) + bx + by + bz is x + y + z then find the second factor.

SOLUTION

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9 Find the value of x2 + 4xy + 4y2 for x = 2 and y = -1.

SOLUTION

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10 Find the value of 3.5×3.5 – 2×2.5×2.5

SOLUTION

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11 If one factor of 5+8x–4x2 is (2x+1) then find the second factor.

SOLUTION

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 1 1
12 Find the value of x if (x − x)2 = x 2 + x + x2

SOLUTION

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13 If x2-x-42 = (x+k)(x+6) then find the value of k.

SOLUTION

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14 Find the values of a and b so that the polynomial x3-ax2-13x+b is divisible by (x-1) and (x-3).

SOLUTION

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15 Find the factors of the polynomial x3-3x2-10x+24.

SOLUTION

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16 Let R1 and R2 be the remainders when the polynomials x3 + 2x2 – 5ax -7 and x3 + ax2 – 12x + 6
are divided by x+1 and x-2 respectively. If 2R1 +R2 = 6, find the value of a.

SOLUTION

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17 Determine the value of a if (x – a) is a factor of the polynomial of
p(x) = x3 – (a2 – 1)x+2

SOLUTION

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18 If a2+b2+c2 = 13 and ab+bc+ca = 6 then find the value of a3+b3+c3 -3abc

SOLUTION

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 a2 b2 c2
19 If a+b+c = 0 then find the value of + + ab = 3
bc ca

SOLUTION

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20 When px3 + 5x2 + x + q is divided by (x+1) the remainder is 7 and when it is divided by (x-2) the
remainder is 37. Find p and q.

SOLUTION

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21 If f(x) = x4-2x3 + 3x2-ax+b is a polynomial such that when it is divided by x-1 and x+1, the
remainders are 5 and 19, respectively, determine the remainder when f(x) is divided by x-2.

SOLUTION

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22 Find the value of p and q if (x+3) and (x-4) are the factors of x3 – px2 –qx + 24.

SOLUTION

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23 For what value of s is the polynomial 2x4 – sx3 + 4x2 + 2x + 1 divisible by (1-2x).

SOLUTION

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24 A polynomial g(x) of degree zero is added to the polynomial 2x3 + 5x2 – 14x + 10 so that it
becomes exactly divisible by 2x – 3. Find the g(x).

SOLUTION

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25 Find the polynomial of least degree which should be subtracted from the polynomial
x4 + 2x3 – 4x2 + 6x – 3 so that it is exactly divisible by x2 – x + 1.

SOLUTION

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26 If the product of two zeroes of polynomial 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x – 6 is 3, then find its third
zero.

SOLUTION

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27 If one zero of the polynomial 5z2 + 13z – p is reciprocal of the other, then find p.

SOLUTION

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28 If the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = x3 – 12x2 + 39x + a are in AP, find the value of a.

SOLUTION

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29 If the zeroes of polynomial x3 – ax2 + bx – c are in AP then find the value of 2a3 – 9ab +27c.

SOLUTION

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30 If 1 and –1 are zeroes of polynomial Lx4 + Mx3 + Nx2 + Rx + P, find the value of L + N + P = M+R

SOLUTION

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31 Find a cubic polynomial with the sum, sum of the product of its zeroes taken two at a time and
product of its zeroes are 3, -1/2 and 5/4 respectively.

SOLUTION

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32 α, β, γ are zeroes of cubic polynomial kx3 – 5x + 9. If α3 + β3 + γ3 = 27, find the value of k.

SOLUTION

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33 Two zeroes of cubic polynomial ax3 + 3x2 – bx – 6 are –1 and –2. Find the third zero and value of a
and b.

SOLUTION

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34 α, β, γ are zeroes of cubic polynomial x3 – 12x2 + 44x + c. If α, β, γ are in AP, find the value of c.

SOLUTION

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35 α, β, γ are zeroes of cubic polynomial x3 – 2x2 + qx – r. If α + β = 0 then 2q is equivalent to?

SOLUTION

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36 α, β, γ are zeroes of polynomial x3 + px2 + qx + 2 such that α+β + 1 = 0. Find the value of 2p + q + 5.

SOLUTION

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37 If α and β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 6x + a; find the value of ‘a’ if 3α + 2β = 20.

SOLUTION

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38 Find all the zeroes of the polynomial 2x3 + x2 – 6x – 3, if two of its zeroes are
– 3 and 3.

SOLUTION

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39 If the polynomial 6x4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 is divided by another polynomial 3x2 + 4x + 1 then the
remainder comes out to be ax + b, find ‘a’ and ‘b’

SOLUTION

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40 If the polynomial x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x + 18 is divided by another polynomial x2 + 5, the remainder
comes out to be px + q. Find the value of p and q.

SOLUTION

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41 The number of zeroes that polynomial f(x) = (x – 2)2 + 4 can have is:
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3

SOLUTION

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42 The quadratic polynomial whose sum of zeroes is 3 and product of zeroes is –2 is :
(a) x2 + 3x – 2 (b) x2 – 2x + 3 (c) x2 – 3x + 2 (d) x2 – 3x – 2

SOLUTION

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43 If p(x) is a polynomial of at least degree one and p(k) = 0, then k is known as
(a) value of p(x) (b) zero of p(x) (c) constant term of p(x) (d) none of these

SOLUTION

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44 Graph of a quadratic polynomial is a
(a) straight line (b) circle (c) parabola (d) ellipse

SOLUTION

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45 Zeroes of a polynomial can be determined graphically. No. of zeroes of a polynomial is equal to no.
of points where the graph of polynomial
(a) intersects y-axis (b) intersects x-axis (c) intersects y-axis or intersects x-axis (d) none of these

SOLUTION

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46 If graph of a polynomial does not intersects the x-axis but intersects y-axis in one point, then no, of
zeroes of the polynomial is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 0 or 1 (d) none of these

SOLUTION

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47 A polynomial of degree n has
(a) only 1 zero (b) exactly n zeroes (c) at most n zeroes (d) more than n zeroes

SOLUTION

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48 If p(x) = ax2 + bx + c, and a + b + c = 0, then one zero
(a) -b/a (b) c/a (c) b/c (d) none of these

SOLUTION

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49 If p(x) = ax2 + bx + c and a + c = b, then one of the zeroes is
(a) b/a (b) c/a (c) -c/a (d) -b/a

SOLUTION

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50 A quadratic polynomial whose one zero is 6 and sum of the zeroes is 0, is
(a) x2 – 6x + 2 (b) x2 – 36 (c) x2 – 6 (d) x2 – 3

SOLUTION

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