Digital Operations

F1

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.1
 Acquiring, Processing and Outputting Data

Operating Thumbwheel
0248 buttons,
+ monitoring V

processes Potentiometer,
0 8 1 5 7-segment
display
Operator Panel

Control such as MPI

Processing
unit the values

DI/ AI/
DO AO

such as PROFIBUS

Process Field devices

controller

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.2
 Number Formats (16 Bits)
PG CPU

Sign (+) 2 9 6

BCD W#16#296
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0
Positive
Numbers 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
INTEGER
+296 28 25 23
= = =
256 + 32 + 8 = 296

Sign (-) 4 1 3
BCD W#16#F413
1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
Negative
Numbers
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
INTEGER
-413 28 27 24 23 22
= = = = =
256+ 128 + 16+8+ 4 = 412
- (412 + 1) = - 413

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.3
 Number Formats (32 Bits)

BCD Sign (+) 0 0 0 0 2 9 6

DW#16#296 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
DINT

+296 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
28 25 23
= = =
Integer (32 Bit) = 256 + 32 + 8 = 296

REAL General Format of a Real Number = (Sign) • (1.f) • (2e-127)

+0.75 Sign of
or Real No e = Exponent (8 Bit) f = Mantissa (23 Bit)
+7.5 E-1
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 ..... 2-23

Real No = +1,5 * 2 126-127 = 0,75

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.4
 Integer (INT, 16-Bit Integer) Data Type
Value range -32,768 to +32,767 Arithmetic
(without sign: 0 to operations: such as + I, * I, <I,
65,535) ==I
Display Formats:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

DEC: + 662 BIN.: 2# 0000001010010110 HEX: W#16#0 2 9 6

without
+29 sign
Sign +27 0

positive +24 6 x 16 = 6
numbers +22 9 x 161 = 144
+21 2 x 162 = 512
+ 662 662

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

DEC: - 662 BIN.: 2# 1111110101101010 HEX: W#16#F D6 A

-215 witho
+214 ut
Sign sign
+213
negative +212 10 x 160 =10
numbers +211 6 x 161 = 96
2
+210 +28 +26 13 x 16 = 3328
Representation as +25 +23 +21 15 x 163 = 61440
Twos complement - 662 64874

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.5
 Double Integer (DINT, 32-Bit Integer) Data Type

Value range L# -2,147,483,648 to L#+2,147,483,647 Operations: such as + D, * D, <D, ==D

(without sign: 0 to 4,294,967,295)

Display Formats:
31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0
DEC: L# +540809 BIN.: 2# 00000000000010000100000010001001

Sign
positive
numbers

HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 8 4 0 8 9
(without sign)

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

DEC: L# -540809 BIN.: 2# 11111111111101111011111101110111

Sign
negative
numbers

Representation as HEX: DW#16# F F F 7 B F 7 7

Twos complement
(without sign)

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.6
 REAL (Floating-point Number, 32 Bit) Data Type

Value range -3.402823•10+38 to -1.175495•10-38 , 0.0, +1.175495•10-38 to +3.402823•10+38

Operations: such as + R, * R, <R, ==R

sin, acos, ln, exp, SQR

General format of a Real number = (Sign) • (1 + f) • (2e-127)

Example: 0.75

Sign of
Real no. e = Exponent (8 Bit) f = Mantissa (23 Bit)

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 ..... 2-23

Real no. = +1.5 * 2 126-127 = 0.75

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.7
 The BCD Code for Inputting and Outputting Integers

Value range 16 Bit: - 999 to + 999 Conversion

32 Bit: -9999999 to + 9999999 operations: BTI, BTD, ITB,
DTB
(no arithmetic!)

0 2 9 6

16 Bit: BIN.: 2# 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

Sign (+) 2 9 6

HEX: W#16# 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

32 Bit: Sign (+) 0 0 0 0 2 9 6

BIN.: 2# 0 x x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

HEX: DW#16# 0 0 0 0 2 9 6 DEC: + 662

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.8
 "Monitor / Modify Variables": Display Formats

Accessed in between Invalid value !!!

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.9
 Loading and Transferring Data (1)

LAD FBD STL

MOVE MOVE
L +5
EN ENO EN OUT MB5
T MB5

5 IN OUT MB5 5 IN ENO

Examples L +5 // 16-bit constant (Integer)

of Load L L#523123 // 32-bit constant (Double
Integer)
L B#16#EF // byte in hexadecimal form.
L 2#0010 0110 1110 0011 // 16-bit binary value
L 3.14 // 32-bit constant (Real)

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.10
 Loading and Transferring Data (2)

Content of Content of
ACCU1 ACCU2
Programm

X X X X X X X X Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y

:
:
L W#16#CAFE 0 0 0 0 C
0 A
0 F
0 E
0 X X X X X X X X

L W#16#AFFE 0 0 0 0 A
0 F
0 F
0 E
0 0 0 0 0 C A F E
:
:
:

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.11
 Loading and Transferring Data (3)
Contents of ACCU1
Program
31 23 15 7 0

L MB 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MB0

31 23 15 7 0
Load 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MB0 MB1
L MW 0

31 23 15 7 0

L MD 0 MB0 MB1 MB2 MB3

T QD 4
QD 4

Transfer T QW 4
QW 4

T QB 4
QB 4

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.12
 Time Formats for Traditional S5-Timers in STEP 7

Time specifications as constants

S5T#35s200ms
(Time base: 01 (100ms), Number of units of time: 352)

01 3 5 2

Time specifications per variable X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

Time base Units of time (BCD-coded)

29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Accu 1 contents after “L T...” exec. X X X X X X 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Residual units of time (Integer)

01 3 5 2

Accu 1 cont. after “LC T...” exec. X X 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0

Time base Residual units of time (BCD-coded)

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.13
 Timers: ON Delay (SD)
LAD FBD STL

T4 T4
I0.7 S_ODT Q8.5 S_ODT A I0.7
S Q I0.7 S BI MW0 L S5T#35s
S5T#35s TV BI MW0 S5T#35s QW12
SD T4
TV BCD
I0.5 Q8.5 A I0.5
R BCD QW12 I0.5 R Q = R T4
L T4
T MW0
RLO at S
LC T4
RLO at R T QW12
A T4
Timer = Q8.5
operation
Example

Data type 0,01s <-- 0 0

0,1s <-- 0 1
“S5TIME” 1s <-- 1 0 Time value: 0 . . . 999
10s <-- 1 1

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.14
 Timers: Stored ON Delay (SS)
LAD FBD STL

T4 T4 A I0.7
I0.7 S_ODTS Q8.5 S_ODTS L S5T#35s
S Q I0.7 S BI MW0 SS T4
S5T#35s BI MW0 A I0.5
TV S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
I0.5 Q8.5 R T4
R BCD QW12 I0.5 R Q = L T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5

RLO at S

RLO at R

Timer
operation
Example

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.15
 Timers: OFF Delay (SF)
LAD FBD STL

T4 T4 A I0.7
I0.7 S_OFFDT Q8.5 S_OFFDT L S5T#35s
S Q I0.7 S BI MW0 SF T4
S5T#35s BI MW0 A I0.5
TV S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
I0.5 Q8.5 R T4
R BCD QW12 I0.5 R Q = L T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5

RLO at S

RLO at R

Timer
operation
Example

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.16
 Timers: Pulse (SP)
LAD FBD STL

T4 T4 A I0.7
I0.7 S_PULSE Q8.5 S_PULSE L S5T#35s
S Q I0.7 S BI MW0 SP T4
S5T#35s BI MW0 A I0.5
TV S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
I0.5 Q8.5 R T4
R BCD QW12 I0.5 R Q = L T4
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5

RLO at S

RLO at R

Timer
operation
Example

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.17
 Timers: Extended Pulse (SE)
LAD FBD STL

T4 T4 A I0.7
I0.7 S_PEXT Q8.5 S_PEXT L S5T#35s
S Q MW0 SE T4
I0.7 S BI
S5T#35s TV BI MW0 A I0.5
S5T#35s TV BCD QW12
I0.5 A8.5 R T4
R BCD QW12 I0.5 R = L T4
Q
T MW0
LC T4
T QW12
A T4
= Q8.5

RLO at S

RLO at R

Timer
Operation
Example

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.18
 Timers: Bit Instructions
LAD FBD STL

Network 1:
T4
I0.0 T4 I0.0 & SD A I0.0
SD L S5T#5s
S5T#5s TV SD T4
S5T#5s

Network 2:

T4 Q 8.0 Q 8.0
A T4
T4 & =
= Q 8.0

Network 3:
T4
I0.1 T4 A I0.1
R I0.1 & R R T4

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.19
 S5 Counters in STEP 7
LAD FBD STL

A I0.4
C5 C5
CU C5
S_CUD S_CUD A I0.5
I 0.4 Q 8.3
CU Q
Q I 0.4 CU CD C5
A I0.3
I 0.5
L C#20
CD I 0.5 CD
S C5
I 0.3 A I0.7
S I 0.3 S CV MW 4 R C5
L C5
C#20 PV CV MW 4 C#20 PV CV_BCD QW 12 T MW4
Q 8.3 LC C5
I 0.7
R CV_BCD QW 12 I 0.7 R Q
Q = T QW12
A C5
= Q8.3

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.20
 Counters: Bit Instructions
LAD FBD STL

Network 1: C5
I0.0 SC
I0.0 C5
A I0.0
SC L C#20
C#20 CV
C#20 S C5
Network 2:
C5
I0.1 C5
I0.1 CU A I0.1
CU
CU C5

Network 3:
I0.2 C5 C5
A I0.2
CD I0.2 CD CD C5

Network 4:
C5 Q 4.0 Q 4.0
A C5
C5 = = Q 4.0

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.21
 Counters: Function Diagram

CU

CD

5
4
3
Count
2
1
0

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.22
 Conversion Operations BCD <-> Integer

Number Conversion
entered in BCD 0 81 5 BCD->Integer
User program with
Task
integer math
operations
Number Conversion
displayed 0 2 4 8 BCD<-Integer
in BCD

LAD FBD STL

BCD_I BCD_I L IW4

EN ENO EN OUT MW20 BTI
T MW20
IW4 IN OUT MW20 IW4 IN ENO

I_BCD I_BCD L MW10

EN ENO EN OUT QW12 ITB
T QW12
MW10 IN OUT QW12 MW10 IN ENO

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.23
 Conversion Operations I -> DI -> REAL

Data in integer format

(16 bits)

Conversion from Conversion from Math

Task integer to double integer program
double integer to real number with
real numbers

F AWL
I_DI
B MD14
EN OUT
D DI_R
ENO EN OUT MD26
MW12 IN L MW12
LAD ENO ITD
MD14 IN
DTR
T MD26
I_DI DI_R
EN ENO EN ENO

MW12 IN OUT MD14 MD14 IN OUT MD26

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.24
 Comparison Operations

LAD FBD STL

M0.0 CMP ==I Q 9.7 CMP ==I A M0.0

A(
L IW0
IW0 IN1
L IW2
IW0 IN1
==I
IW2 IN2 IW2 IN2 )
&
Q9.7
= Q9.7
=
M0.0

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.25
 Digital Logic Operations

WXOR_W L IW 0
WOR_W
L W#16#5F2A
WAND_W
AW / OW / XOW
EN ENO
T MW10
IW0 IN1
OUT MW10 15 0
W#16#5F2A IN2
IW0 = 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0

W#16#5F2A = 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

AND OR XOR

MW10 after “AW” 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

MW10 after “OW” 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0

MW10 nach “XOW” 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.26
 Basic Mathematical Functions
LAD FBD STL

ADD_I ADD_I L MW4

Addition EN ENO EN OUT MW6 L MW10
MW4 IN1 MW4 IN1 +I
MW10 IN2 OUT MW6 MW10 IN2 ENO T MW6

SUB_I SUB_I L MW5

Subtrac- MW7
tion EN ENO EN OUT L MW11
MW5 IN1 MW5 IN1 -I
MW11 OUT MW7 IN2 ENO
T MW7
IN2 MW11

MUL_R MUL_R L MD6

Multipli- MD66
cation EN ENO EN OUT L MD12
MD6 IN1 MD6 IN1 *R
MD12 IN2 MD66 MD12 IN2 ENO T MD66

DIV_R DIV_R L MD40

EN OUT MD32
Division EN ENO L MD4
MD40 IN1 MD40 IN1 /R
MD4 IN2 OUT MD32 MD4 IN2 ENO T MD32

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.27
 Shift Operations (Word / Doubleword)

SHL_W

L MW8 or:
EN ENO
L MW4 L MW4
MW4 IN SLW SLW 2
OUT MW12 T MW12 T MW12
MW8 N
= +2

Shift Left Word: Shift Right Word:

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
IN IN
EN0 =1 EN0 = 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
OUT OUT

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.28
 Shift Right Signed Integer

SHR_I
L MW8 or:
EN EN0 L MW4 L MW4
SSI SSI 3
MW4 IN
T MW12 T MW12
MW8 N OUT MW12
= +3

Shift a Signed Integer to the Right:

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
IN IN
EN0 = 0 EN0 = 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
OUT OUT

SIMATIC S7 Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.29
 Doubleword Rotation Operations

ROL_DW

ENO L MW6 or:

EN
L MD2 L MD2
MD2 IN RLD RLD 4
OUT MD12 T MD12 T MD12
MW6 N
= +4

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

IN: 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Rotate 4 places
to the left :

OUT: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1

SIMATIC S7 OUT Date: 04.03.2019

File: 06_.30