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Proteins: Composition and Functions

Proteins are made up of amino acids and perform many essential functions in the body. They are the building blocks of cells and tissues, help with growth and repair, and make enzymes, hormones, and hemoglobin. Proteins provide energy during starvation and excess protein is broken down in the liver. A deficiency can cause diseases like Kwashiorkor. The Biuret test uses copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide to detect proteins based on a purple color change reaction.

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30 views6 pages

Proteins: Composition and Functions

Proteins are made up of amino acids and perform many essential functions in the body. They are the building blocks of cells and tissues, help with growth and repair, and make enzymes, hormones, and hemoglobin. Proteins provide energy during starvation and excess protein is broken down in the liver. A deficiency can cause diseases like Kwashiorkor. The Biuret test uses copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide to detect proteins based on a purple color change reaction.

Uploaded by

mwcmui
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Proteins

 are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen,


nitrogen and sometimes sulphur, phosphorus
 amino acids:
– unit of proteins
– about 20 different types
– essential and non-essential types
An amino acid molecules

H2N C COOH
amino group carboxyl group

H
The condensation and hydrolysis of a
polypeptide
1 4

condensation hydrolysis

1 2 3 4 5
Condensation of two amino acid to form a
dipeptide
R1 O
H H

H2N C C N C COOH
OH H
H R2
H2O

R1 O H

H2N C C---N C COOH


H H R2
Functions of proteins
 components of cell membranes and cytoplasm
 for growth and repair of body cells
 for making enzymes, hormones, antibodies and
haemoglobin
 provide energy during starvation
 excess protein is under deamination in the liver
 deficiency disease: Kwashiorkor
Test for proteins / Biuret test
egg white solution

1 cm3 NaOH solution

Put CuSO2 solution drop by


drop, and shake the mixture
after addition of each drop

Positive result: purple colour

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