Anatomi Tulang Tengkorak Manusia
Pembimbing: Dr. Fadil, [Link]
SKULL
The skull has 22 bones, excluding the ossicles of the ear.
Except for the mandible, which forms the lower jaw, the
bones of the skull are attached to each other by sutures, are
immobile, and form the cranium.
•The cranium can be subdivided into: an upper part (the
calvaria), which surrounds the cranial cavity containing the
brain;
•a lower anterior part-the facial skeleton (viscerocranium).
The bones forming the calvaria are the paired temporal and
parietal bones, and the unpaired frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid,
and occipital bones.
The bones forming the facial skeleton are the paired nasal
bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones,
maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, and the unpaired vomer.
The mandible is not part of the cranium nor part of the facial
skeleton.
Leher
The neck extends from the head
above to the shoulders and
thorax below . Its superior
boundary is along the inferior
margins of the mandible and
bone features on the posterior
aspect of the skull. The posterior
neck is higher than the anterior
neck to connect cervical viscera
with the posterior openings of
the nasal and oral cavities.
Regions(Anterior View)
Facial Skeleton consists of 14
irregular bones:
Lacrimal 2
Nasal 2
Maxillae 2
Zygomatic 2
Palatine 2
Inferior conchae 2
Mandible 1
Vomer 1
Regions Cont.
Regions (Extended neck)
Regions Lateral View Cont.
8 bones form
the adult’s
Neurocranium
Glabella
Metopic suture
Frontal
Parietal 2
Temporal 2
Occipital 1
Sphenoid1
Ethmoid 1
Posterior View &Sutures
Superior View &Sutures Cont.
Sutures Cont.
Skull: Simple Lateral View
Skull
Lateral
Anato-
mical
View
Observe
The
Pterion:
Intersects the
course of the
anterior division
of the middle
meningeal artery
Pterion..
How to
identify
surface
anatomy?
Inferior
View
FYI!
Inferior View Foramina
Ethmoid (olfactory)
I. Olfactory
Sphenoid (optic)
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
VI. Abducens
Temporal (otic)
VIII. Acoustic/Auditory/
Vestibulocochlear
Face/Jaws
V. Trigeminal
VII. Facial
Throat (rest of body)
IX Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Spinal Accessory
XII. Hypoglosal
The
Cranial
Cavity
Sphenoid bone
FYI!!
Cont. Important openings &structures
passing through them( Base of skull)
FYI!!
Mandible
Mandible
• The final bony structure visible in a lateral view of the skull is the mandible.
• Inferiorly in the anterior part of this view, it consists of the anterior body of
mandible, a posterior ramus of mandible, and the angle of mandible where
the inferior margin of the mandible meets the posterior margin of the ramus
• The teeth are in the alveolar part of mandible of the body and the mental
protuberance is visible in this view.
• The mental foramen is on the lateral surface of the body and on the
superior part of the ramus a condylar and coronoid process extend upwards.
• The condylar process is involved in articulation of the mandible with the
temporal bone and the coronoid process is the point of attachment for the
temporalis muscle.