The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
The Internet
• The internet
– A network of networks
– The internet transmits data from one computer
(called a host) to another
• Internet networks
– Linked networks that work much the same way --
they pass data around in packets, each of which
carries the addresses of its sender and receiver
Internet ‘Discussion’ (1)
Internet ‘Discussion’ (1)
Internet ‘Discussion’ (2)
How the Internet Works
Transport control protocol (TCP)
A protocol that operates at the transport layer and is
used in combination with IP by most Internet
applications
Backbone
An Internet high-speed, long distance communications
links (like a bus; wire that connects nodes)
Uniform resource locator (URL)
An assigned address on the Internet for each computer
E.g., [Link]
Domain Affiliations
Domain Affiliations
arts cultural and entertainment activities
com business organizations
edu educational sites
firm businesses and firms
gov government sites
info information service providers
mil military sites
nom individuals
net networking organizations
org organizations
rec recreational activities
store businesses offering goods for purchase
web entities related to World Wide Web activities
net networking organizations
Access to the Internet
Access to the Internet
LAN servers
• Local servers can provide access to the Internet through
normal connections (e.g., Ethernet)
Serial line internet protocol (SLIP) and
Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
• Communications protocol software that transmits packets over
telephone lines, allowing dial-up access to the Internet
Connection via an on-line service
• Examples are America Online and Microsoft Network. These
services usually require sign-up procedures
Three Ways to Access the
Internet
Internet Service Providers
Internet service provider (ISP)
Any company that provides individuals or
companies with access to the Internet
Thousands of providers including large
communications companies
Need an account with the ISP and software that
links with TCP/IP
ISP Examples
Internet Service Provider Web Address
AT&T WorldNet Service [Link]
Digex, Inc. [Link]
GTE Internetworking [Link]
IBM Internet Connection [Link]
MCI Internet [Link]
NetCom On-Line Communication [Link]
Services
PSINet, Inc. [Link]
Sprint Internet Services [Link]
Uunet Technologies, Inc. [Link]
Internet Services
E-mail
Telnet
FTP
Usenet and newsgroups
Chat rooms
Internet phone
Internet videoconferencing
Content streaming
Selected Usenet Groups
[Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link]-n-butthead
[Link] [Link]-dicaprio
[Link] [Link]
[Link].u2 [Link]
[Link]-red [Link]-top
[Link] [Link]
[Link]
Internet Services
Internet telephony
Also called voice-over-IP (VOIP)
• Technology that enables network managers to route
phone calls and fax transmissions over the same
network they use for data
VOIP ‘Discussion’
Internet telephony is a category of hardware and software that
enables people to use the Internet as the transmission medium for
telephone calls. For users who have free, or fixed-price, Internet
access, Internet telephony software essentially provides free
telephone calls anywhere in the world. To date, however, Internet
telephony does not offer the same quality of telephone service as
direct telephone connections.
There are many Internet telephony applications available. Some,
like CoolTalk and NetMeeting, come bundled with popular Web
browsers. Others are stand-alone products. Internet telephony
products are sometimes called IP telephony, Voice over the
Internet (VOI) or Voice over IP (VOIP) products.
Content Streaming
Content streaming
• A method for transferring multimedia files over the
Internet so that the data stream of voice and pictures
plays continuously, without a break, or very few of
them
• It also enables users to browse large files in real
time
The World Wide Web
World Wide Web
• A collection of tens of thousands of independently-
owned computers that work together as one in an
Internet service
WWW Terminology
Home page
• The cover page for a Web site that has graphics,
titles, coloured text, etc.
Hypermedia
• Tools that connect the data on Web pages, allowing
users to access topics in whatever order they wish
Hypertext markup language (HTML)
• The standard page description language for Web
pages
Some Interesting Web Sites
Library of Congress [Link]
PointCast [Link]
In-Box Direct [Link]
Online Career Center [Link]
New York Times [Link]
Project Gutenberg [Link]
Sportsline USA [Link]
White House [Link]
MIT Lab for Computer Science [Link]
The Wall Street Journal [Link]
WWW Terminology
Web browser
• Software that creates a unique hypermedia-based
menu on your computer screen and provides a
graphical interface to the Web
Web page
• A screen of information sent to a requesting user
and presented through a browser
Applet
• A small program embedded in Web pages
Search Engines
Search engines
A search tool for the Web (like card catalogs in
libraries)
E.g., Altavista [Link]
Excite [Link]
Galaxy [Link]
Hotbot [Link]
Infoseek [Link]
Lycos [Link]
Webcrawler [Link]
Yahoo! [Link]