Graphics

Introduction to
Computer Graphics

고려대학교 컴퓨터 그래픽스 연구실

[Link] Graphics Lab @ Korea University

Contents
KUCG

 What is Computer Graphics?

 Inspirational video
 Main Themes
 Imaging, modeling, rendering, animation
 Applications
 Display of information, design, simulation, computer
art, entertainment
 Introduction to COMP365
 Textbook, schedule, quiz, assignment, term project,
contact

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Inspirational Video
KUCG

 Entirely Computer-Generated

"Geri's Game." (c) Pixar 1997

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Exercise: Video Analysis
KUCG

 What is Modeled or Simulated to Produce this Video?

 Representing of objects
 Simulate light
 Shadows
 Textures
 Camera focus (depth of field)
 Opacity
 Refraction
 Animation
 Physics
 Music
 Story ideas

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What is Computer Graphics?
KUCG

 Producing Pictures or Images using a Computer

 Algorithms for Visual Simulations

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Main Themes
KUCG

 Imaging
 Representing 2D images
 Modeling
 Representing 3D objects
 Rendering
 Constructing 2D images from 3D models
 Animation
 Simulating changes over time

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Imaging
KUCG

 Generate an artistic image

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Modeling
KUCG

 Shape Description & Design

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Rendering
KUCG

 Simulating Behavior of Lights & Image

Formation

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Animation
KUCG

 Motion Representation & Control

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Applications
KUCG

 Display of Information
 Design
 Simulation
 Computer Art
 Entertainment

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Display of Information
KUCG

 Graphics for Scientific, Engineering, and

Medical Data

Nebula Medical Image

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Design
KUCG

 Graphics for Engineering and Architectural

System
 Design of Building, Automobile, Aircraft,
Machine etc.

AutoCAD 2002 Interior Design

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Simulation
KUCG

 Computer-Generated Models of Physical,

Financial and Economic Systems for
Educational Aids

Flight Simulator Mars Rover Simulator

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Computer Art
KUCG

 Graphics for Artist

Metacreation Painter

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Entertainment
KUCG

 Graphics for Movie, Game, VR etc.

Final Fantasy Online Game

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What’s Our Scope?
KUCG

 Not a Tutorial on Commercial Software

 3DMax, Maya, Photoshop, etc.

 Not about Graphics Business

 3D online-game, E-commerce, etc.

 Graphics = Algorithm for Visual Simulation

 Imaging, Modeling, Rendering, Animation

[Link] Graphics Lab @ Korea University

Textbook
KUCG

 Interactive Computer Graphics

: A Top-Down Approach
with OpenGL

 Edward Angel
 3rd Edition
 ADDISON WESLEY

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Schedule
KUCG
MAR 03 Introduction to Computer Graphics Chapter 1
MAR 05 / 10 Graphics Programming with OpenGL Chapter 2
MAR 12 / 17 Mathematics for Computer Graphics Appendix B, C
MAR 19 / 24 Geometric Primitives Chapter 4
MAR 26 / 31 Transformations Chapter 4
APR 02 / 07 Viewing Chapter 5
APR 09 / 14 The Phong Reflection Model Chapter 6
APR 16 Shading Chapter 6
APR 23 Midterm Exam.  
APR 28 / 30 Texture Mapping Chapter 7
MAY 07 Term Project Proposal  
MAY 12 / 14 Curves and Surfaces Chapter 10
MAY 19 / 21 Computer Animation Chapter 9
MAY 28 Hidden Surface Removal & Scan Conversion Chapter 8
JUN 04 Final Exam.  
JUN 09 Term Project Demo  

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Quiz & Assignments
KUCG

 Quiz – Every Week

 Programming Homework – Every Week

 Windows programming: C/C++ with OpenGL

 Assignment – Every 3 Weeks

 #1: RGB Color Cube
 #2: Viewing & Transformations
 #3: Polygonal Rendering & Texture Mapping

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Term Projects
KUCG

 What?
 Simple 3D game
 Ex) 3D Fortress, Tetris
 When?
 Proposal – after midterm exam
 Demonstration – before final exam
 How?
 1 person / 1 team
 Using your assignments

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Example
KUCG

 ForThress
 그것을 찾아라
 인간형 격투게임
 Curve Ball Game
 Survival in the Cube
 태양계 시뮬레이션
 뱅크샷

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Contact
KUCG

 Course Web Page

 [Link]

 Instructor
 김선정 (sunjeongkim@[Link],
MSN: sunjeongkim@[Link])

[Link] Graphics Lab @ Korea University

 Graphics

Graphics Systems &

Models

고려대학교 컴퓨터 그래픽스 연구실

[Link] Graphics Lab @ Korea University

Contents
KUCG

 Graphics System
 Human Visual System
 Pinhole Camera
 Synthetic-Camera Model
 Graphics Architectures

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Graphics System (1/2)
KUCG

Input
Input Frame
Frame Output
Output
Processor
Processor
Devices
Devices Buffer
Buffer Devices
Devices

Memory
Memory

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Graphics System (2/2)
KUCG
 Pixel
 Picture element
 Raster
 Array of pixels
 Frame Buffer
 Memory where pixels stored
 Depth of Frame Buffer
 Number of bits that are used for each pixel (ex. 8-bit-depth  28 (=256)
colors, 24 or more bits per pixel  RGB-color )
 Resolution
 Number of pixels in frame buffer
 Rasterization (Scan Conversion)
 Converting of geometric entities (such as lines, circles, and polygons) to
pixel assignment in frame buffer
 Refresh Rate
 Rate of retracing on displays

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Human Visual System
KUCG

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Pinhole Camera (1/2)
KUCG

y
x
 x, y , z 
h x p , yp, zp  z

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Pinhole Camera (2/2)
KUCG

 Side View
y
zzpp dd
 y, z  yy
yypp 
y p , d  z zz//dd
xx
d xxpp 
 (xp, yp, zp): projection point zz//dd

 Angle of View (Field

y of View)
 hh
h
z
 22tan
tan
11

22dd
d
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Synthetic-Camera Model (1/2)
KUCG

 Imaging with the Synthetic Camera

 Projector
 Line from a point on the object to the
center of the lens
 Center of projection
 Center of the lens
 Projection plane
 film plane that moved in front of the lens
 Equivalent Views of Image Formation
y  y, z 
camera y p ,d
object
z
y p , d 

[Link] Graphics Lab @ Korea University

Synthetic-Camera Model (2/2)
KUCG

 Clipping
 Clipping window (clipping rectangle)
 Limited size of the image  because of the angle of view

Clipping with window in initial position Clipping with window shifted

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Graphics Architectures
KUCG

 Geometric Pipeline
Vertices Pixels

Transformer
Transformer Clipper
Clipper Projector
Projector Rasterizer
Rasterizer

 Transformation
 Objects are represented in terms of the coordinate system of display
 Clipping
 No imaging system can see the whole world at once
 Projection
 The geometry of 3D objects is projected into 2D objects
 Rasterization
 Projected objects is represented as pixels in frame buffer

[Link] Graphics Lab @ Korea University