SOLAR PV SYSTEM DESIGN
TYPES OF PV SYSTEM
• ON Grid system
• OFF Grid system
• Hybrid system
Power generation
• No EB bill
• Export power
• Captive consumption
EB Bill
EB tariff category
• Domestic (I)a,b
• Commercial (v)
• Educational institute (II)b 1,2
EB unit consumption
Single phase or three phase
EB unit rate
EB unit rate= (Bill amount/total unit)
Consumer number: aabbbcccddd
Region – aa
Section – bbb
Distribution – ccc
Service number – ddd
Eligible solar plant= 90% of total load
Sunny hours : 5.5 hours
Generation 1KW/day : 4.5 units
[Link] UNIT (KWh) ASSESMENT AMOUNT (Rs)
7263.3 63205
7180.8 62517
6422.8 56541
4753.6 43379
5464 48904
8357.2 71807
8816.4 75439
9976.4 84676
8599.4 73639
5227.2 46985
AVG 7206.4 627092
How to calculate unit price?
• Calculate one year amount for EB bill (assessment amount)
• Calculate one year consumed unit
Unit price= (Average of one year EB bill assessment amount) / (Average
of one year consumed unit )
= (62709.2) / (7206.4)
Unit price= Rs. 8.7
Average unit consumption for a month= 7141 KWh
Average unit consumption for a day =7141/30
= 238.03 KW
1 KW solar system power generation per day = 4.5 unit
Total plant capacity = 238.03/ 4.5
Required solar PV plant size= 52.89 KW =53 KW
Solar plant:
• EB= 0
• EB partial
• Export
How many KW needed to install for EB bill become zero?
How many % we can install for x KW?
How many KW we can install for %?
CONDITIONS PANEL EB LOAD
I 100 0 100
II 100 100(Import) 200
III 100 50(Export) 50
5 KWp panel selection
5 KWp=5000 W
Panel available range for 24 V (200,250,300) W
[Link] panels:
• (5000/200) = 25 [Link] panels needed
• (5000/250) =20 [Link] panels needed
• (5000/300) =16.6 =17 [Link] panels needed
12 V panel: (10,20,40,50,75,80,100,125,150)Wp
24 V panel: (150,250) Wp
What is array?
What is string?
What is open circuit voltage(Voc)?
What is short circuit current(Isc)?
What is maximum system voltage(Vdc)?
What is power tolerance?
Solar panel specification
Maximum system voltage (Vdc) =1000 V
How many panels connected in one string?
= (Maximum system voltage)/(open circuit voltage)
=(1000 V) / (37.8 V)
=26.45
=26 [Link] 250 Wp panels are connected in single string.
Maximum DC input voltage = 600 V
(Maximum 80% we will give input for safety purpose)
= 600*0.8
= 480 Vdc
How many panels connected in one string?(Input to inverter)
= (Maximum DC input voltage)/(Open circuit voltage)
= (480 V) / (37.8 V)
= 12.63
= 12 [Link] 250 Wp panels connect
Solar panel design
20 [Link] solar panels required
So we connect 10 panels in one string(10*2=20 panels)
Output in first string:
=37.8 * 10 =380 V
=8.6 A
Output in second string:
=37.8 * 10 =380 V
=8.6 A
Two strings are connected in parallel, so output will be:
=380 V and 17.2 A
• DCDB
• ACDB
DCDB:
2 String
First string = 376 V,8.6 A
Second string = 376 V,8.6 A
OFF GRID SYSTEM
WATTAGE TOTAL WATTS TOTAL ENERGY BACKUP ENERGY
[Link] LOADS QUANTITY USAGE HOURS BACKUP HOURS
(WATTS) (WATTS) (Wh) (Wh)
1 TUBE LIGHT 40 5 200 8 1600 4 800
2 FAN 65 4 260 10 2600 6 1560
3 CFL 12 6 72 10 720 4 288
4 TV 150 1 150 12 1800 1 150
5 COMPUTER 200 1 200 6 1200 2 400
882 7920 3198
Peak load=882 w
Total energy consumed= 7.92 KWh
Backup energy required= 3.198 KWh
INVERTER SELECTION:
KW= KVA*P.F
0.882=KVA*0.8
KVA= 1.1025 KVA (Actual capacity)
20% excess power is needed
= 1.1025*1.2
=1.323 KVA
INVERTER SELECTION = 1.5 KVA
Standards of Inverter voltage
1 KVA - 24 V
2 KVA - 48 V
3 KVA - 48/96 V
4 KVA - 48/96 V
5 KVA - 48/96 V
6 KVA - 96/120 V
7 KVA - 96/120 V
8 KVA - 96/120 V
9 KVA - 96/120 V
10 KVA - 120 V
BATTERY BANKCALCULATION
Total backup energy required= 3198 Wh or 3198 Vah
(Considering P.F AC – DC-AC)
= 3198*1.2
= 3837.6 Vah
(Considering battery D.O.D=70% for C10 battery)
Total battery bank capacity = 4988.88 VAh
System voltage = 24 V
=4988.9/24
= 207.87 Ah
Battery voltage = 12 V
= 207.87/2
= 103.9 Ah
Take 120 Ah battery 2 no’s = 240 Ah
How to make 240 Ah and 24 V Battery?([Link] battery and connection)
Solar panel design
Total battery bank capacity= 4988.9 VAh
Sun shine hour per day = 5.5 hours
PV array capacity = 4988.9/5.5
= 907.07 VA
PV array capacity = 907.07 W
(Considering F.F 80%)
=907.07*1.2
= 1088.48 Wp
(To cross check the solar panel rating near to Wp needed)
=1088.48/280 (panel-280 Wp)
= 4 [Link] 280 Wp panels needed(how connection s or p)