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Understanding Electricity's Uses and Effects

Direct current (DC) flows in one direction, while alternating current (AC) changes direction continually. The unit of electrical energy is the kilowatt-hour (kWh), which represents the energy used when 1 kilowatt of power is used for 1 hour. Appliances have power ratings in watts or kilowatts that indicate how much electricity they need. The effects of electricity include heating, chemical reactions, and magnetic fields. Common examples are kettles, ovens, heaters, batteries being recharged, and electromagnets.

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15 views20 pages

Understanding Electricity's Uses and Effects

Direct current (DC) flows in one direction, while alternating current (AC) changes direction continually. The unit of electrical energy is the kilowatt-hour (kWh), which represents the energy used when 1 kilowatt of power is used for 1 hour. Appliances have power ratings in watts or kilowatts that indicate how much electricity they need. The effects of electricity include heating, chemical reactions, and magnetic fields. Common examples are kettles, ovens, heaters, batteries being recharged, and electromagnets.

Uploaded by

api-406307933
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Third Year Science

Uses and Effects of Electricity


In this topic:
• Direct current (DC)
• Alternating current (AC)
• Effects of Electricity:
–Heating
–Chemical
–Magnetic
Direct Current
Direct current (DC): a current that flows
in one direction only
Alternating Current
Alternating current (AC): a current that
flows in a continually changing direction

Plug sockets are a


source of AC power
Kilowatt-hour
• Unit of energy = Joule
• This is too small for electrical energy

Unit of electrical energy = kilowatt-hour (kWh)

• It means: the energy used when 1 kilowatt of


power is used for 1 hour
Power rating of appliances
• Most electrical appliances have the power
rating written on them
• Power rating units = watts or kilowatts

How much electricity


Power rating
they need to work
Power Rating
• Once we know the cost of electricity per kWh
– We can calculate how much it costs to run an
appliance
• Let’s say that electricity costs 14 c per kWh
Appliance Powerrating Timeof Electricityused Cost
usage
Kettle 2kW 2hrs 2x2=4kWh 4x14c
=56c
If electricity costs 14 c per kW, how much
will it cost to charge my laptop for 24 hrs?
• Laptop charger = 65 W
= 65/1000 kW
= 0.065 kW

• Cost = kW x hrs x cost


= 0.065 kW x 24 hrs x 14c
= 21.84 cent
• Some appliances use more electricity than
others
• Moving motors and heat require a LOT of
electricity
Heating Effect of Electricity
• Examples of appliances that produce heat:

Kettle Oven Heater Electric shower


Heating Effect of Electricity

The Electric Fuse


• Found in plugs of appliances
and fuse boards
• Purpose: to limit the size of
the current in a circuit
• It is a safety device
The Electric Fuse
Fuse
Too much Fuse heats
current up

Fuse wire
melts

Circuit is broken so the


current stops flowing
Demo: Heating Effect of Electricity
• Take original temperature of water
• Turn on power source
• Observe temperature change
Chemical Effect of Electricity

Recharging
batteries

Hoffman Metal Electroplating


Voltameter
Demo: Chemical Effect of Electricity
• Measure mass of the electrodes
• Set up as in diagram
• Leave for a few mins
• Measure mass of electrodes again
Magnetic Effect of Electricity

In electric
Electromagnet Music Speakers
motors
Demo: Magnetic Effect of Electricity
• Set up as in the 1st diagram, making sure the
compass arrow is parallel to the wires
• Close the switch and observe
How to wire a plug
AC power: DC power:
Kilowatt
• Definition • Definition
hour
• Example • Example

Uses & Effects Power rating


• What is it?
of Electricity • Calculations

Magnetic effects Chemical effects Heating effects


of electricity of electricity of electricity

Circuit breaker Electroplating Electric fuse


Chapter 43:
Uses and effects of electricity
DONE!!

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