Oracle10g RAC Service

Architecture

Overview of Real Application Cluster Ready

Services, Nodeapps, and User Defined Services
Overview
 Service Architecture
 Cluster Ready Services (CRS)
 Nodeapps
 User defined Services
 ASM Services
 Internally Managed Services
 Monitoring Services
RAC Service Architecture
 Oracle 10g RAC features a service based
architecture
 This is an improvement over 9i RAC in
several ways
 Increased flexibility
 Increased manageability
 Improvements in High Availability
 Enables 10g Grid Deployment
RAC Services and High Availability

 Oracle Services facilitate high availability of

databases and related applications
 If key database resources become unavailable
(network, storage, etc.):
 Instances and Services will be relocated to another node
 The “failed” node will be rebooted
 By default, after any server boot-up, Oracle attempts
to restart all services on the node
Cluster Ready Services
 Manage the RAC Cluster
 Several Different Services
 OracleCRSService
 Oracle CSService
 OracleEVMService
 OraFenceService
 Required for RAC installation
 Installed in its own CRS_HOME
CRS Basics
 Used to manage RAC
 Only one set of CRS Daemons per system
 Multiple instances share the same CRS
 CRS runs as both root and Oracle users
 CRS must be running before RAC can start
CRS Management
 Started automatically
 Can stop and start manually
 Start the OracleCRSService
 Stop the OracleCRSService
 Uses the voting disk and OCR (Oracle Cluster
Repository)
 Requires 3 network addresses
 Public
 Private
 Virtual Public
CRS Services
 OracleCRSService
 Cluster Ready Services Daemon
 OracleCSService
 Oracle Cluster Synchronization Service Daemon
 OracleEVMService
 Event Manager Daemon
 OraFenceService
 Process Monitor
Cluster Ready Services Daemon
OracleCRSService
 Runs as Administrator user
 Automatically restarted
 Manages Application Resources
 Starts, stops and fails-over application resources
 Maintains the OCR (Oracle Cluster Repository)
 Keeps state information in the OCR
Oracle Cluster Synchronization
Service Daemon
OracleCSService
 Runs as Administrator user
 Maintains the heartbeat (failure causes system
reboot)
 Provides
 Node Membership
 Group Access
 Basic Cluster Locking
 Can integrate with 3rd party clustering products or
run standalone
 OracleCSService also works with non-RAC systems
Event Manager Daemon
OracleEVMService
 Runs as Administrator user
 Restarts on failure
 Generates Events
 Starts the racgevt thread to invokes Server
Callouts
Process Monitor
OraFenceService
 Runs as Administrator user
 Locked in memory to monitor the cluster
 Provides I/O fencing
 OraFenceService periodically monitors cluster status,
and can reboot the node if a problem is detected
 An OraFenceService failure results in Oracle
Clusterware restarting the node
RACG
 RACG is a behind-the-scenes process (or
thread) that extends clusterware to support
Oracle-specific requirements and complex
resources.
 Runs server callout scripts when FAN events
occur.
 Runs as processes (or threads), not as a service
([Link], [Link])
Cluster Ready Services
Management
 Log Files
 OracleCRSService
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%\log\hostname\crsd
 Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR)
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%log\hostname\ocr
 OracleEVMService
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%\log\hostname\evmd
 OracleCSService
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%log\hostname\cssd
 RACG
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%log\hostname\racg
Nodeapp Services
 Nodeapps are a standard set of Oracle application
services that are automatically launched for RAC
 Virtual IP (VIP)
 Oracle Net Listener
 Global Services Daemon (GSD)
 Oracle Notification Service (ONS)
 Nodeapp services run on each node
 Can be relocated to other nodes through the virtual IP
VIP (Virtual IP)
 Creates a virtual IP address used by the Listener
 The virtual IP address fails over between nodes
 Multiple virtual IP addresses can exist on the same
system (during failover)
 Independent of the Oracle Instance
 Potential Problem if more than one database per node
Global Services Daemon (GSD)
 The daemon which executes SRVCTL commands
 GSD receives requests from SRVCTL to execute
administrative tasks, such as startup or shutdown
 The command is executed locally on each node, and
the results are sent back to SRVCTL.
 The daemon is installed on the nodes by default. It is
important that you do not kill this process and it
should not be deleted.
Listener
 Server-side component of Oracle Net
 Listens for incoming client connection requests
 Manages the traffic to the server; when a client
requests a network session with a server, the listener
actually receives the request and brokers the client
request
 If the client's information matches the listener's
information, then the listener grants a connection to
the server.
Oracle Notification Service (ONS)

 The Oracle Notification Service is installed

automatically on each RAC node as a Node
Application
 ONS starts automatically with each boot
 ONS uses a simple push/subscribe method to
publish event messages to all RAC nodes with
active ONS daemons
ONS and Fast Application
Notification
 ONS can be configured to run on nodes
hosting client or mid-tier applications
 ONS is the key component of Fast
Application Notification (FAN)
 Can be utilized to extend RAC high availability
and load balancing to mid-tier applications
 Independent of True Application Failover
 Less reliance on network configuration
User Defined Services
 User defined, named services may be created to
manage database resources that are associated with
application workloads
 One or more database instances may be mapped to a
single service
 A database instance may be assigned to one or more
services
 The Automated Workload Repository may be used
to monitor Service metrics
User Defined Services and Failover

 Services can be defined with preferred and

alternate instances
 A service may be assigned to start on preferred
instances
 The same service may have alternate instances
assigned for failover
 If multiple services are assigned for the same
database, the preferred and alternate instance
assignments may be different for each service
Automatic Storage Management
Services
 Automatic Storage Management (ASM) is a storage
option for creating and managing databases
 ASM operates like a Logical Volume Manager between
the physical storage and the database.
 A small, automatically managed Oracle database instance
is created on each node (if ASM is chosen as a storage
option)
 ASM instances start automatically as Oracle services
Internally Managed Services
 When the Global Services Daemon is started as a part of the
Node Applications, it in turn launches key internally
managed services
 The Global Cache Service manages Cache Fusion and in-memory
data buffers
 The Global Enqueue Service manages inter-instance locking and
RAC recovery
 GCS and GES show up as OS processes or threads, but GSD
is the only service that can be externally controlled
 GCS and GES together manage a set of “virtual” tables in
memory, called the Global Resouce Directory
Global Cache Service (GCS)
 The controlling process that implements Cache Fusion.
 Manages the status and transfer of data blocks across the buffer caches of
all instances.
 Tightly integrated with the buffer cache manager to enable fast lookup of
resource information in the Global Resource Directory.
 Maintains the block mode for blocks in the global role.
 Employs various background processes (or threads) such as the Global
Cache Service Processes (LMSn) and Global Enqueue Service Daemon
(LMD).
Global Enqueue Service Monitor
(LMON)
 Background process that monitors the entire
cluster to manage global resources.
 Manages instance and process expirations and
recovery for GCS.
 Handles the part of recovery associated with
global resources
Global Resource Directory
 The data structures associated with global resources. It is
distributed across all instances in a cluster.
 Global Cache Service and Global Enqueue Service maintain
the Global Resource Directory to record information about
resources and enqueues held globally.
 The Global Resource Directory resides in memory and is
distributed throughout the cluster to all nodes. In this
distributed architecture, each node participates in managing
global resources and manages a portion of the Global
Resource Directory.
Monitoring RAC Services
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%\bin\crs_stat
 NAME=[Link]
 TYPE=application
 TARGET=ONLINE
 STATE=ONLINE

 NAME=[Link]
 TYPE=application
 TARGET=ONLINE
 STATE=ONLINE

 NAME=[Link]
 TYPE=application
 TARGET=ONLINE
 STATE=ONLINE
Monitoring RAC Services
 Creating a tabular report:
 %ORA_CRS_HOME%\bin\crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
[Link] application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
Review
 What advantages does a service based
architecture offer?
 What four services comprise Cluster Ready
Services?
 Nodeapps consists of which four
applications?
 True or False: a database instance may be
assigned to multiple services
Summary
 Service Architecture
 Cluster Ready Services (CRS)
 OracleCRSService
 OracleCSService
 OracleEVMService
 OraFenceService
 Nodeapps
 VIP
 Listener
 GSD
 ONS
 User defined Services
 ASM Services
 Internally managed services
 Global Cache Service
 Global Enqueue Service
 Global Resource Directory
 Monitoring Services