SARVAJANIK EDUCATION
SOCIETY
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
SURAT
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
Filtration
Mechanical Operation (2150502)
Name Enroll no.
Pansuriya Dhaval 150420105035
Submitted to:
Parasana Nautam 150420105036
Prof. Parth Desai Parmar Saurabh 150420105037
Prof. Vishad Desai Donda Parth 150420105038
Patel Bhavya 150420105039
(of B.E 3 CH – Sem. 5)
Academic Year 2017
OVERVIEW
[Link]
[Link] of Filtration
[Link]
3.1How it works?
[Link] filtration
4.1How it works?
[Link] vs. Ultra filtration
[Link] Osmosis
[Link]
[Link] Processes
• A membrane is a selective barrier that permits the separation of
certain species in a fluid by combination of sieving and diffusion
mechanisms
•Membranes can separate particles and molecules and over a wide
particle size range and molecular weights
[Link] OF FILTRATION
2 Examples:
1. Cross Flow 2. Dead End Flow
Types of flow images from: [Link]
TYPE 1: CROSS FILTRATION
Flow parallel to membrane
surface
Does not cause buildup,
therefore does not suffer
from reduced flow
overtime
F = feed;
M = membrane;
P = permeate;
R = retentate (components Cross Flow diagram from:
that do NOT pass through [Link]
the membrane)
TYPE 2: DEAD END FLOW
Flow perpendicular to
membrane surface
Causes build up of filter
cake on membrane
F = feed;
M = membrane;
P = permeate (components
that pass through
membrane)
Dead-end Flow diagram from:
[Link]
[Link]
Separates soluble contaminants remaining within the
supernatant
Supernatant may include:
Other proteins
Bio-molecules
Un-used growth media
Microfiltration image from:
[Link]
3.1HOW DOES MICROFILTRATION WORK?
Pressure driven process
Separates:
Components in a solution or
suspension based on molecular
size
Particles size range:
10mm (starches) to aprx.
0.04mm (DNA, Viruses,
and globular proteins)
Microfiltration image from:
[Link]
crofiltration/media/images/[Link]
[Link]
Usually used to further
separate any
contaminants able to
pass through the
microfiltration
membrane using a
pressure gradient
Ultrafiltration image from:
[Link]
4.1HOW DOES ULTRA FILTRATION
WORK?
Separates:
Particle size range:
0.1mm to 0.001mm
Usually based on
molecular weight
Typical range:
200 to 300,000 g/mole
Ultrafiltration image from:
[Link]
ysis_works.htm
[Link] VS.
ULTRAFILTRATION
Microfiltration:
Proteins act as the
permeate
Ultrafiltration
Proteins act as the
retentate
Images from:
[Link]
[Link]/html/
technology/ftech
[Link]
MICROFILTRATION VS. ULTRAFILTRATION
Microfiltration: Ultrafiltration
Separates larger particles Separates smaller particles
For example- For example-
Colloids Macromolecules
Fat globules
Cells
Located upstream to reduce
load and fouling capacity
on ultrafiltration membrane
downstream
However,
processes are
basically identical
[Link] IS OSMOSIS?
The movement of a solvent (water in our
case) across a semi-permeable membrane
from a solution of lower concentration to
a solution of higher concentration that
tends to equalize the concentrations of
solute on the both sides of the membrane.
1. Water flows from a column with a low
dissolved solids content to a column with
a high dissolved solids content
2. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that is
used to stop the water from flowing
through the membrane, in order to create
balance
3. By pursuing pressure that exceeds the
osmotic pressure, the water flow will be
reversed; water flows from the column
with a high dissolved solids content to the
column with a low dissolved solids
content.
[Link] FILTRATION
Nano filtration is a technique that has prospered over the past few years.
Today, nano filtration is mainly applied in drinking water purification
process steps, such as water softening, decolouring and micro pollutant
removal.
Nano filtration is a pressure related process, during which separation takes
place, based on molecule size. Membranes bring about the separation. The
technique is mainly applied for the removal of organic substances, such as
micro pollutants and multivalent ions.
Other applications of nano filtration are:
· The removal of pesticides from groundwater
· The removal of heavy metals from wastewater
· Wastewater recycling in laundries
· Water softening
· Nitrates removal
References:
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
odialysis_works.html.
Thank you