Welcome
Seminar on
MEMRISTOR
By:- Mangal Das
Himanshu Ramchandani
19 Sept. 2009
MEMRISTOR
Memristor
Memory + Resistor
Memristor
Definition of
Memristor
A memristor is a semiconductor whose
resistance varies as a function of flux and
current. This allows it to “remember” what
has passed through the circuit.
Characterized by Memristance
Memristance
Memristance is simply charge-dependent
resistance.
V(t) = M(q(t))*I(t)
Unit - ohm (Ω)
Symbol
Emergence Of Memristic
Theory
Theory was developed in 1971 by
Professor Leon Chua at University of
California, Berkeley.
Found while exploring symmetry
between the three fundamental passive
linear circuit elements
In 2006, [Link] Williams developed
practical model.
Fundamental Circuit
Variables
Voltage, V (V) – work done required to
bring charge from ∞ to a Electric field.
Current, I (A) – flow of electric charge
Flux, Φ(W) – rate of flow through an
area
Charge, Q (C) – energy per electron
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Current
(V) (i)
Charge Flux (Φ)
(q)
3 Fundamental Passive Linear
Elements
Capacitor,C (F)
Resistor,R (Ω)
Inductor,L (H)
CAPACITORS
q=Cv
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Current
(V) (i)
Capacitors q=Cv
Charge Flux (Φ)
(q)
RESISTORS
Ohm’s Law
v=Ri
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)
Capacitors q=Cv
Charge Flux (Φ)
(q)
INDUCTORS
Φ=Li
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)
Capacitors q=Cv Φ = Li Inductors
Charge Flux (Φ)
(q)
Fundamental Relationships
Current is the derivative of Charge
Q= ∫I dt
Voltage is the derivative of Flux
V= ∫ dΦ/dt
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)
v=dΦ/dt i=dq/dt
Capacitors q=Cv Φ = Li Inductors
Charge ? Flux (Φ)
(q)
The Missing Link
Symmetry Of
Relationships
Voltage Resistors Current
(V) v=Ri (i)
v=dΦ/dt i=dq/dt
Capacitors q=Cv Φ = Li Inductors
Charge
Φ=Mq
Flux (Φ)
(q)
Memristor
Relationship With Other
Variables
Φ=Mq
dΦ/dt = M(q) dq/dt
V(t) = M(q) I
P = I² M(q)
Property Of Memristor
Retain its resistance level even
after power had been shut down.
Output =F(present value +
previous value of resistance.)
Pinched Hysteresis
Loop
V(t) = M(q(t))*I(t)
* When I=0 , Then V becomes 0
The applied voltage (blue) and resulting current
(green) as a function of time t for a typical memristor.
Pinched Hysteresis
Loop
* For memristors, the Previous graph is reprented as a
PINCHED HYSTERESIS LOOP
Memristic State
Found when researching ways to overcome
nano-scale manufacturing issues.
Memristivity has an inverse square
relationship with thickness of the material,
so smaller = better!
Nonvolatile state can be accomplished by
memristors because their state is encoded by
impedance (physically), not by voltage.
WORKING
2 nm PT TiOv(2-x) PT
(-)ve TiO2 (+)ve
3 nm
Reduced
Oxidized
Applied voltage makes the oxygen vacancies
(+ve) to shift towards the cathode.
WORKING
Shift between the layers in
permanent in nature.
It exist even after the voltage has
been removed.
Causes the permanent change in
resistance
Analogy Of Memristor
The diameter of pipe
remains same when the
current is switched off,
until it is switched on
again.
The pipe, when the
current is switched on
again, remembers what
current has flowed
A RESISTOR WITH MEMORY
through it. BEHAVES LIKE A PIPE
Delay In Discovery
As its effect depends on atomic-scale
movements, it only poped up on the
nanoscale of William’s devices.
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
Would allow for a quicker boot up
since information is not lost when the
device is turned off.
Hard Disk + RAM = MEMRISTOR
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
Uses less energy and produces less heat.
Smaller, lower power consumption SSDs.
Eliminates the need to write computer
programs that replicate small parts of the
brain.
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
Compatible with current CMOS
interfaces
Power Consumption
As non-volatile memory, memristors do not
consume power when idle.
Behaviour
3 Memristors to make a NAND gate
27 NAND gates to make a Memristor
Benefits Of Memristor
Technology
Creating a Analog Computer that
works much faster than Digital ones.
Provides greater resiliency and reliability
when power is interrupted in data
centers.
Density allows for more information to
be stored.
Distinct Behaviour Of
Memristor
Conventional devices use only 0 and 1;
Memristor can use anything between 0
and 1.
Faster than Flash memory.
Allow digital cameras to take pictures with
no delay in between
Innovating nanotechnology due to the fact
that it performs better the smaller it
becomes.
Not Perfect Yet !
Though hundreds of thousands of
memristor semiconductors have already
been built, there is still much more to be
perfected.
Needs more defect engineering.
No design standards (rules).
Fair endurance (overlookable e.g..
Transistors)
Thank You
QUESTIONS