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Understanding Salts in Chemistry

The document discusses salts, including their definition as ionic compounds formed from the reaction of acids and bases. It describes common cations and anions in salts, and provides examples of soluble and insoluble salts. Soluble salts can be prepared through neutralization reactions, while insoluble salts require precipitation reactions. The document also discusses the physical properties of salt crystals and includes some example stoichiometric calculations involving salt preparations.

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Lynn Heng
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21 views14 pages

Understanding Salts in Chemistry

The document discusses salts, including their definition as ionic compounds formed from the reaction of acids and bases. It describes common cations and anions in salts, and provides examples of soluble and insoluble salts. Soluble salts can be prepared through neutralization reactions, while insoluble salts require precipitation reactions. The document also discusses the physical properties of salt crystals and includes some example stoichiometric calculations involving salt preparations.

Uploaded by

Lynn Heng
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chapter 8 : Salts

What is Salt ?
A compound produces when the hydrogen
ion, H+ from an acid is replaced by a metal
ion or an ammonium ion NH4+
* All salts are ionic compound*
Salts consist of cations (positive ions)
originating from bases that combine with the
anios (negative ions) originating from acids.

NaCl
Sodium ion, Na+, originates from Chloride ion, Cl-, originates
base such as NaOH from acid such as HCl
State whether the following chemical are salt or not salt..

1. barium nitrate
[Link] sulphate
[Link] chloride
[Link] oxide
[Link] dioxide
[Link] nitrate
[Link]
[Link]
YES YES YES..I am Salt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NO NO NO..I am not Salt

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Soluble salt and insoluble salt
Salt Solubility in water
Salt of potassium, sodium All soluble in water
and ammonium
Salt of nitrate All soluble in water SPAN

Salt of sulphate Mostly soluble in water except:


(Suzan Like Cartoon Barbie) (Pb) Lead sulphate
(Ba) Barium sulphate
(Ca) Calcium sulphate

Salt of chloride Mostly soluble in water except:


(CSL) (Pb) Lead chloride
(Ag) silver chloride
(Hg) mercury chloride

Salt of carbonate Mostly insoluble in water except:


Potassium carbonate
Sodium carbonate
Ammonium carbonate
Cont……
Carbonate CO32- , oxide O2- and hydroxide OH-
are insoluble in water , except:
Compounds of elements in group 1 and
ammonium.
Calcium oxide, CaO
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2
Barium Hydroxide, Ba(OH)2
Salt/compound Solubility in Salt/compound Solubility in
water water
Cu(NO3)2 KOH

MgCl2 Na2SO4

ZnCO3 ZnCl2

PbSO4 Fe(OH)2

CuCL2 Zn(NO3)2

ZnSO4 BaSO4

AgCL CaO

PbCl2 AgNO3

Al(NO)3 NH4Cl
Preparation of salt

Soluble salts Insoluble salts


Preparation of soluble salts
• Soluble salts of potassium, K+ and sodium, Na+,
ammonium NH4+can be prepared by through the
neutralization (titration method) reaction
between an acidic solution and alkaline solution.

Neutralization reaction
between acid and base.
(titration method)
Preparation of insoluble salt
• Prepared through precipitation reaction.
• Both compounds used to form the mixture must
be soluble salts so that free-moving ions can react
to form insoluble salt.
• can be prepared through any of the following
reaction:
acid and metal oxide/metal hydroxide
acid and metal
acid and metal carbonate
Write down the equation of the reaction that
we can use to prepare:
Zinc carbonate,
Potassium nitrate,
Magnesium sulphate,
Silver chloride
Physical characteristic of crystals
Different geometrical shapes and size
Geometrical shape such as cuboid, rhombic, prism.
Flat surface, sharp corner, straight sides.
Have fixed angles between two neighboring surfaces.

Copper (II) sulphate Sodium hydroxide Potassium dichromate


crystals crystals (VI) crystals
Numerical problem involving stoichiometric
reactions in the preparation of salts.
Calculate the mass of zinc chloride, ZnCl2 that reacts
with 4.25g of silver nitrate, AgNO3, in a preparation
of preparation of insoluble salts.
[ RAM: N:14; O:16; Cl:35.5; Zn:65; Ag:108 }

3.45g of potassium carbonate, K2CO3 is added to


excess copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2 solution. What is
the mass of copper(II) carbonate, CuCO3 produced?
[ RAM: C:12; N:14; O:16; K:39; Cu:64]

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