DEVELOPMENT of
TOOTH
Tooth Development
Tooth development or odontogenesis is the
complex process by which tooth from embryonic
cells, grow, and erupt into mouth.
Initiation of Tooth Development
The initiation of tooth development begins at 37 days of
development with formation of a continuous horseshoe-band
of thickened epithelium in the location of upper and lower
jaws Primary Epithelial Band
Each band of epithelium will
give rise to 2 sub divisions:
1. Dental lamina and
2. Vestibular lamina
Maxillary Process
Stomatodeum
Dental lamina
Mandibular process
Developing Tongue
Dental Lamina
Primary epithelial Dental lamina appears as a thickening
band of the oral epithelium adjacent to
condensation of ectomesenchyme
20 areas of enlargement or knobs
appear, which will form tooth buds
for the 20 primary teeth
Not all will appear at the same time.
Ectomesenchyme The first to develop are those of the
anterior mandible region
At this early stage the tooth buds
have already determined their crown
morphology
Successional lamina: lamina from
which permanent teeth develop
The dental lamina begins to function
at 6th prenatal week and continues to
15th year of birth (3rd molar)
Vestibular Lamina
Tooth development is a continuous process,
however can be divided into 3 stages:
1. Bud Stage
2. Cap Stage
3. Bell Stage
1. Bud Stage
Intramembranous
ossification
Meckels
cartilage
Bud stage is characterized by rounded, localized growth of
epithelium surrounded by proliferating mesenchymal cells,
which are packed closely beneath and around the epithelial buds
1. Bud Stage
In the bud stage, the enamel organ consists of peripherally located
low columnar cells and centrally located polygonal cells
2. Cap Stage
Vestibular lamina
2. Cap Stage
Enamel Organ Dental Papilla
Condensation of the ectomesenchyme immediately subjacent to the tooth bud
caused by lack of extracellular matrix secretion by the cells thus preventing
separation. Histodifferentiation begins at the end of cap stage.
Epithelial outgrowth called Enamel Organ because it will eventually form the
enamel
Dental Papilla: Ball of condensed ectomesenchymal cells (it will form dentin
and pulp). The peripheral cells adjacent to the inner dental epithelium will
enlarge and later differentiate into odontoblasts
2. Cap Stage
Enamel organ
Enamel knot
Dental papilla
Dental follicle or sac
Dental follicle or dental sac is the condensed ectomesenchymal tissue
surrounding the enamel organ and dental papilla. This gives rise to
cementum and the periodontal ligament (support structures for tooth)
3. Bell Stage
Dental lamina
Outer dental
epithelium
Inner dental
epithelium
Dental papilla
Dental follicle
Cervical loop
Continued growth leads to bell stage, where the enamel organ resembles a
bell with deepening of the epithelium over the dental papilla
Continuation of histodifferentiation (ameloblasts and odontoblasts are defined)
and beginning of morphodifferentiation (tooth crown assumes its final shape)
3. Bell Stage (Early)
Outer dental epithelium
Stellate reticulum
Stratum intermedium
Inner dental epithelium
Dental papilla
Stellate reticulum: Star-shaped cells with processes, present between the outer
and the inner dental epithelium. These cells secrete glycosaminoglycans, which
attract water, thereby swelling the cells and pushing them apart.
However, they still maintain contact with each other, thus becoming star-shaped.
They have a cushion-like consistency that may support and protect the delicate
enamel organ. It is absent in the portion that outlines the root portions.
Stratum intermedium: Cell layer between the inner dental epithelium and
stellate reticulum which have high alkaline phosphatase activity. They assist
inner dental epithelium (ameloblasts) to form enamel.
Outer dental epithelium
Stellate reticulum
Stratum intermedium
Inner dental epithelium
Dental papilla
Dental Papilla: Before the inner dental epithelium begins to
produce enamel, the peripheral cells of the mesenchymal dental
papilla differentiate into odontoblasts under the organizing
influence of the epithelium. First, they assume a cuboidal shape
and then a columnar form and acquire the specific potential to
produce dentin. The basement membrane that separates the
enamel organ and the dental papilla just prior to dentin formation
is called the membrana preformativa
3. Bell Stage
Inner dental epithelium
Outer dental epithelium
Cervical loop
Cervical loop: Area where the inner and the outer dental
epithelium meet at the rim of the enamel organ. This
point is where the cells will continue to divide until the
tooth crown attains its full size and which after crown
formation will give rise to the epithelium for root
formation. Is also called Zone of Reflexion.
3. Bell Stage
Enamel knot
Enamel cord
Enamel cord: Pattern of enamel knot that
extends between the inner and outer dental
epithelium
3. Bell Stage
Dental lamina (and the lateral lamina) will disintegrate and
loose contact with oral epithelium. Sometimes, these
epithelial cells will persist when they are called epithelial
pearls or cell rests of Serre
Clinical significance: Cysts will develop in these (eruption
cysts) and prevent eruption, or they may form odontomas
(tumors) or may form supernumery teeth
Eruption Cyst
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