WATER CONSERVATION

By
Ouseph Joy (7225)
Binnu Jacob (7141)
 WATER IS A VERY IMPORTANT
RESOURCE IN OUR LIFE . WATER IS
BECOMING SCARCE DUE TO INCREASE
IN POPULATION, INDUSTRIES AND
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND DUE TO
POOR RAINFALL.
 Water Conservation
Water conservation refers to reducing the
usage of water and recycling of waste water
for different purposes like domestic usage,
industries, agriculture etc.
Water conservation can be done through
what you do, not by what you know.
Water Conservation
Themethod of recharging ground water by
harvesting rainwater is gaining importance in
many cities.

Inthe forests, water seeps gently into the ground

due to vegetation cover. This groundwater in turn
feeds wells, lakes, and rivers. Protecting forests
means protecting water 'catchments'. In ancient
India, people worshipped Nature and one of them
was Water.
 Goals of Water Conservation
The goals of water conservation efforts include as follows:
Sustainability. To ensure availability for future generations, the
withdrawal of fresh water from an ecosystem should not exceed its
natural replacement rate.
Energy conservation. Water pumping, delivery, and wastewater
treatment facilities consume a significant amount of energy. In some
regions of the world over 15% of total electricity consumption is
devoted to water management.
Habitat conservation. Minimizing human water use helps to
preserve fresh water habitats for local wildlife and migrating water
flow, as well as reducing the need to build new dams and other water
diversion infrastructure.
 Water wastage
People waste water in their homes without even realizing it. We have become so
accustomed to have a 24 hour supply of water to meet all of our needs from
cooking, to cleaning, to drinking, that we sometimes forget that we do not have
an infinite supply of water. Besides using renewable energy in the home to
cutback on the use of electricity, we must also learn how to save our water supply.
Here are a few tips on how to do so.

The first thing you should do is check for leaks in taps, pipes, and dishwasher hoses which
can cause over 2,000 liters of water per month to be wasted.
Repairing any leaks will save you a ton of money and you will also be saving the environment
In the same way that you can buy renewable energy, you can also buy water efficient taps
that will make the most of your water and will ensure that you are not wasting any while the
tap is running.
To save both water and energy, if you're not already using green energy, then you should
wait until your dishwasher is completely full before running it. On average, dishwashers use
approximately 40 litres of water per load, but thanks to features that some dishwasher have,
you can specify that it is a light load, or rinse only, or air dry. All of these features allow you
to save both water and energy.
IS THERE A NEED FOR WATER
CONSERVATION?
Survival & development
Irrigation
Domestic needs
Industrial needs
Generation of electricity
People use our water faster then the planet can replenish it
For fish and animals
Using water wisely saves energy
IS THERE A NEED FOR WATER
CONSERVATION?
It is a resource that is a benefit to everyone.
To save money. Lower consumption means lower water bills.
To keep rates low. Maximizing current water supplies helps defer the need to develop
new, more expensive sources of water.
To prepare for a drought. Many areas of the country have experienced drought
conditions in the past few years. Water conservation helps prepare for these worst of
times.
To comply with regulations. Many states and local regulators have established efficient
water use regulations
IS THERE A NEED FOR WATER
CONSERVATION?
Flood :
Destroys life and property
Soil erosion
Drought :
Depletion of ground water levels & soil moisture
Reduction in stream flow
Leads to serious economic consequences and untold human misery.
Cloud seeding is very expensive
The better alternatives appears to be conserve resources ,
Use carefully and Recycle water
 How to conserve A brief introduction

Indoors:-
Low-flow, water-saving shower heads
Faucet aerators
Repair leaks in your faucets and toilets
Use your dishwasher and clothes washer only when you have a
full load
Outdoors:-
Attach a pistol-type sprayer to the end of your garden hose
Water your lawn only when necessary
 Other Water Saving Tips to Consider
Indoors:-
Take short showers instead of baths
Avoid flushing your toilet unnecessarily
Turn off the faucet while you shave or brush your teeth
Avoid running water in the shower while you shampoo or soap up

Outdoors:-
Use mulch around trees and shrubs and in garden beds
Consider using a drip irrigation system in your garden
Use only plant varieties that are well adapted to your locality and soil
conditions
Use the rain water collected from your roof downspouts for watering your
garden and flower beds
Sweep walkways and driveways
 METHODS OF CONSERVATION OF
WATER
RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS

Projects
on valley portion of the river to store water
during monsoon and to supply when in need of water.

Used
to:
Meet agricultural demands
Generate electricity
Drinking water supply
Raising fish culture
Navigation
Recreational purposes
 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
PRACTICES
Watershed is the areas, draining the precipitation or a catchment
of a river basin.
REFERANCES

Monty C. Dozier, Assistant Professor and Extension Water Resources

Specialist, Conserving Water(SCS-2005-06 Water and Me Series)
P. Venugopala Rao,Textbook on Principles of Environmental science
and engineering
TWO TYPES OF PRACTICES:

Engineeringpractices: practices based on

modifications in plumbing, fixtures, or water
supply operating procedures.
Behavioral
practices: practices based on
changing water use habits.
 MONITORING

It raises awareness
Records of meter reading can be used to identify
Changes in the water use
Possible problems in the system
Provides baseline information on quantities water use, the
seasonal and hourly patterns of water use, and the quantities and
quality of water use in individual processes
Submetering helps account for water usage and can help in the
process of leak detection.
 LEAK DETECTION

Repairing leaks saves money on water bills. The early detection of leaks also reduces
the chances that leaks will cause major property damage.
Different methods of leak detection:
Sounding
Water meters ( pressure loss in water)
Automated Sensors/telemetry
Visual inspection program
WATER AUDITS

Audits of large-volume users

Large-landscape audits
REDUCING WATER PRESSURE

Decreases leakage
Decreases System deterioration
Reduses wear on end use fixtures and appliances

Method:
By installing pressure reducing valves
Inserting Flow resistors
WATER RECYCLING

Water recycling is the reuse of water for the same application for which it
was originally used.

Factors to be considered in a water recycling program:

Evaluation of the minimum water quality required
Identification of water reuse opportunities
Evaluation of water quality degradation resulting from the
use
Determination of the treatment steps
WATER REUSE

Water reuse is the use of wastewater or reclaimed water (sometimes called

graywater) from one application for another application

Some potential applications include:

Cooling water in power plants, oil refineries
Industrial process water for paper mills, carpet dyers, toilet
flushing, dust control, construction activities, concrete mixing and
artificial lakes
Reused water can also be used in landscape irrigation, agricultural
irrigation, aesthetic uses such as fountains, and fire protection
WATER REUSE

Factors that should be considered in an industrial water reuse

program include:
Identification of water reuse opportunities
Determination of the minimum water quality needed for the
given use
Identification of wastewater sources that satisfy the water quality
requirements
Determination of how the water can be transported to the new
use
SOME REUSE METHODS

COOLING WATER RECIRCULATION

EVAPORATION COOLERS
OZONATION
AIR HEAT EXCHANGE
ONCE-THROUGH COOLING
METAL FINISHING
 LAUNDRIES

Reprogram machines to eliminate a rinse or suds cycle,

if possible, and not restricted by health regulations.
Reduce water levels, where possible, to minimize water
required per load of washing.
Wash full loads only.
Evaluate wash formula and machine cycles for water
use efficiency.
When purchasing new machines, buy water-saving
models.
HOSPITALS AND CLINICS

Turn off water required for film processing or cooling in the X-ray
department when not in use.
Recycle water where feasible, consistent with state and county
requirements.
Use full loads in sanitizer, sterilizer, dishwasher, and washing
machines.
Overhaul faulty steam traps on sterilizers.
Replace equipment with water-saving models.
Reduce the load on air conditioning units by shutting off air
conditioning when and where it is not needed.
Recover condensate and use it as make-up water
BATHROOM WATER

Toilets (4-6 flushes per person per day)

Showerheads (5-15 shower-use minutes per person per day)
Bathroom Faucets (1/2 to 3 faucet-use minutes per person
per day)
Use of low flush toilets
Use of low-flow showerheads
Use of self-closing faucets and automatic controlled faucets
RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Rain Water Harvesting is capturing and storing rainfall to irrigate

plants or to supply people and animals

A water surplus available at the right time of year makes storage

well worth the time and effort. A surplus becomes impractical
when it must be stored for more than several months

Water stored for long periods of time will stagnate and become a
health hazard
XERISCAPE LANDSCAPE

Businesses can save water in landscaping by using the principles of

Xeriscape, an efficiency-oriented approach to landscaping that
encompasses seven essential principles:
Planning and design
Limited turf areas
Efficient irrigation
Soil improvement
Mulching
Use of lower water demand plants
Appropriate maintenance