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Complex Numbers Lecture

Imaginary numbers were invented to allow negative numbers to have square roots and to allow certain equations to have solutions. Imaginary numbers are represented by the imaginary unit i, where i2 = -1. Complex numbers consist of real and imaginary parts and can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided using the property that i2 = -1. The conjugate of a + bi is a - bi.

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16 views23 pages

Complex Numbers Lecture

Imaginary numbers were invented to allow negative numbers to have square roots and to allow certain equations to have solutions. Imaginary numbers are represented by the imaginary unit i, where i2 = -1. Complex numbers consist of real and imaginary parts and can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided using the property that i2 = -1. The conjugate of a + bi is a - bi.

Uploaded by

Mary Ann Nazar
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Imaginary & Complex Numbers

Once upon a time

-1 = no real solution
-In the set of real numbers, negative numbers do
not have square roots.

-Imaginary numbers were invented so that


negative numbers would have square roots and
certain equations would have solutions.

-These numbers were devised using an imaginary


unit named i.

i = -1
-The imaginary numbers consist of all numbers bi,
where b is a real number and i is the imaginary unit,
with the property that i = -1.

-The first four powers of i establish an important


pattern and should be memorized.

Powers of i
i =i
1
i = -1
2
i = -i
3
i =1
4
i =1
4

i = -i
3
i

i = -1
2 Divide the exponent by 4
No remainder: answer is 1.
remainder of 1: answer is i.
remainder of 2: answer is 1.
remainder of 3:answer is i.
Powers of i
1.) Find i23 = -i
2.) Find i2006 = -1
3.) Find i37 =i
4.) Find i828 =1
Complex Number System
Reals
Imaginary

Rationals i, 2i, -3-7i, etc.


(fractions, decimals)
Integers
(, -1, -2, 0, 1, 2, )

Irrationals
Whole (no fractions)
(0, 1, 2, ) pi, e

Natural
(1, 2, )
Simplify. -Express these numbers in terms of i.

1.)
3.) -5 = -1*5 = -1 5 = i 5

4.) - -7 = - -1* 7 = - -1 7 = -i 7
2.)

3.)
5.) -99 = -1* 99 = -1 99
= i 3 3 11
= 3i 11
You try
6. -7 = i 7

7. - -36 = -6i
8. -160 = 4i 10
To multiply imaginary numbers or
an imaginary number by a real
number, it is important first to
express the imaginary numbers in
terms of i.
Multiplying
9. 47i 2 = 94i
10. 2i -5 = 2i -1 5 = 2i i 5
= 2i 2
5 = -2 5
11. - -3 -7 = -i 3 i 7 = -i 2
21

= -(-1) 21 = 21
Complex Numbers

a + bi
real imaginary
The complex numbers consist of all sums a + bi,
where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit. The real part is a, and the imaginary part is bi.
Add or Subtract
7.)
12. 7i 9i = 16i

8.)
13. (-5 6i) (2 - 11i) = -3 -5i

9.)
14. (2 3i ) - (4 2i) = 2 3i - 4 - 2i
= -2 i
Multiplying & Dividing
Complex Numbers

Part of 7.9 in your book


REMEMBER: i = -1

Multiply
1) 3i 4i = 12i = 12(-1) = -12
2

2) 7i 2
= 7 i = 49( -1) = -49
2 2
You try
3)
-7i 12i = -84i = -84(-1)
2

= 84
4) - 11i = - 11 i = 121(-1)
2 2 2

= -121
Multiply
5) 4 3i 7 2i
= 28 8i 21i 6i
2

= 28 29i 6i 2

= 28 29i 6(-1)
= 28 29i - 6
= 22 29i
You try
6) 2 - i 3 10i
= 6 20i - 3i - 10i 2

= 6 17i - 10i 2

= 6 17i - 10 - 1
= 6 17i 10
= 16 17i
You try
7)
5 7i 5 - 7i
= 25-35i 35i -49i 2

= 25 - 49(-1)
= 25 49
= 74
Conjugate
-The conjugate of a + bi is a bi

-The conjugate of a bi is a + bi
Find the conjugate of each
number
8) 3 4i 3 - 4i

9) -4 - 7i -4 7i
10) 5i -5i
11)6 6
Because 6 0i is the same as 6 - 0i
12)
Divide
-5 9i 1 i -5 - 5i 9i 9i 2
=
1- i 1 i 1 i - i - i 2

-14 4i -14 4i
=
1- i 2 =
2
= -7 2i
You try
13)
2 - 3i 3 - 5i 6 - 10i - 9i 15i 2
=
3 5i 3 - 5i 9 - 15i 15i - 25i 2

-9 - 19i -9 - 19i
= 2 =
9 - 25i 34

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