Biotechnology and Biochemical
Engineering
1. In which of the following types of
enzyme water may be added to a C-C
double bond without breaking the
bond
a. Hydratase
b. Esterase
c. Hydrozylase
d. Hydrolase
Hydratase = formation or break down of C-C bonds
Esterase = splits esters to acid
Hydroxylase = add OH to an organic compound
Hydrolase = catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of esters
or peptide bonds
2. The major end product of protein
nitrogen metabolism in man is?
a. Uric Acid
b. Urea
c. Glycine
d. NH3
3. A Carbohydrate, known commonly
as inverted sugar is?
a. Sucrose
b. Lactose
c. Fructose
d. Glucose
3. A Carbohydrate, known commonly
as inverted sugar is?
a. Sucrose
b. Lactose = composed of glucose and galactose
c. Fructose = fruit sugar
d. Glucose = simple sugar
Inverted sugar - is a mixture of glucose and
fructose obtained by the hydrolysis of
sucrose
4. Two amino groups are present in?
a. Glutamate
b. Lysine
c. Threonine
d. Leucine
Threonin
Lysine e
Leucine
4. Two amino groups are present in?
a. Glutamate
b. Lysine
c. Threonine
d. Leucine
5. Triglycerides are?
a. Hydrophilic
b. Non-polar
c. Heavier than water
d. Major constituents of membranes
What are Triglycerids
A fat molecule is a type of lipid that consists of
three fatty acid molecules connected to a 3 carbon
glycerol backbone, as shown on the right. The three
fatty acids can be different from one another. Since
the hydrocarbon chains are very non-polar, fats do
no dissolve in water; instead, fat molecules tend to
coalesce with one another. Since a fat molecule has
3 fatty acids connected to a glycerol molecule.
5. Triglycerides are?
a. Hydrophilic
b. Non-polar
c. Heavier than water
d. Major constituents of membranes
6. In DNA, which of the following is the
complementary base of adenine?
A. Guanine
B. Cytosine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
Complementary base pairing describes the
manner in which the nitrogenous bases of the
DNA molecules align with each other.
Complementary base pairings are also
responsible for the double-helix structure of
DNA.
Adenine Thymine
Cytosine Guanine
6. In DNA, which of the following is the
complementary base of adenine?
A. Guanine
B. Cytosine
C. Thymine
D. Uracil
7. Saponification is
A. The hydrolysis of glycerol by liposes
B. Esterification
C. The hydrolysis of fats by alkali
D. Reduction
Saponification is a chemical reaction that
occurs when a vegetable oil or animal fat is
mixed with a strong alkali. The products of the
reaction are two: soap and glycerin.
Esterification is a reaction of an alcohol with
an acid to produce an ester and water.
Reduction is a chemical reaction in which
hydrogen is added to, or oxygen is removed,
from a compound.
Lipid Hydrolysis is the hydrolysis of glycerol by
liposes.
7. Saponification is
A. The hydrolysis of glycerol by liposes
B. Esterification
C. The hydrolysis of fats by alkali
D. Reduction
8. How many nutritionally essential
amino acids are there for man?
A. 12
B. 8
C. 6
D. 10
The eight essential amino acids are valine,
isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine,
tryptophan, methionine, and lysine.
These amino acids are essential for humans,
as the body cannot produce them by
themselves, and they have to be supplied
externally.
8. How many nutritionally essential
amino acids are there for man?
A. 12
B. 8
C. 6
D. 10
9. Which of the following properties
makes enzymes essential in traces?
A. Show cascade effect
B. High turnover number
C. Remains unused at the end of the reaction
and are re-used
D. All of the choices
Enzymes are involved in a sequence of
activation reactions characterized by a series
of amplifications of an initial stimulus.
Maximum number of chemical conversions of
substrate molecules/second.
The enzyme releases the products after
competing the reaction and restores to its
original form. The enzyme can repeat this
reaction over and over, as long as substrate
molecules are present.
10. Which of the following is not true
regarding enzymes?
A. They are destroyed after the completion of
the reaction they catalyse.
B. They remain active even after separation
from the source.
C. They catalyze only a particular type of
reaction.
D. They are irreversibly destroyed at high
temperature.
Enzymes are usually highly selective, catalysing
specific reactions only. This specificity is due to
the shapes of the enzyme molecules.
There is a certain temperature at which an
enzyme's catalytic activity is at its greatest which
is at 37.5 oC. (for the enzymes in human cells).
Above this temperature the enzyme structure
begins to denature since at higher temperatures
intra- and intermolecular bonds are broken as the
enzyme molecules gain even more kinetic energy.
The enzyme releases the products after
competing the reaction and restores to its
original form. The enzyme can repeat this
reaction over and over, as long as substrate
molecules are present.
10. Which of the following is not true
regarding enzymes?
A. They are destroyed after the completion of
the reaction they catalyse.
B. They remain active even after separation
from the source.
C. They catalyze only a particular type of
reaction.
D. They are irreversibly destroyed at high
temperature.
[Link] phenomenon of osmosis is
opposite to that of
A. Coagulation
B. Effusion
C. Affusion
D. Diffusion
12. Which of the following
descriptions are true for hormones?
A. Act as coenzymes
B. Influence synthesis of enzyme
C. Belong to B-complex group
D. Act as enzymes
13. The most active site of protein
synthesis is
[Link]
B. Cell sap
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
14. Which of the following is a
function of an enzyme?
A. Control the equilibrium points of
reactions
B. Cause chemical reactions that would
not otherwise take place
C. Change the rates of chemical reactions
D. Change the directions of reactions
15. Proteins produce polyptides from
proteins by
A. Oxidizing
B. Hydrolizing
C. Reducing
D. None of these
16. The Michaelis-Menten hypothesis
a. states that the rate of a chemical reaction
may be independent of substrate
concentration.
b. states that the reaction rate is proportional
to substrate concentration.
c. postulates the formation of an enzyme
substrate complex.
d. enables us to calculate the isoelectric point
of an enzyme.
Michaelis-Menten equation
E + S ES E + P; r = k2[ES]
Isoelectric point is the pH at which a molecule
carries no net electrical charge.
16. The Michaelis-Menten hypothesis
a. states that the rate of a chemical reaction
may be independent of substrate
concentration.
b. states that the reaction rate is proportional
to substrate concentration.
c. postulates the formation of an enzyme
substrate complex.
d. enables us to calculate the isoelectric point
of an enzyme.
17. The maximum enzyme activity is
observed at
a. acidic pH
b. basic pH
c. optimum pH
d. neutral pH
H+ and OH- ions are charged and interfere with
Hydrogen and Ionic bonds that hold an
enzyme together.
Causes a change in shape
17. The maximum enzyme activity is
observed at
a. acidic pH
b. basic pH
c. optimum pH
d. neutral pH
18. In enzyme kinetics, Km implies
a. concentration of enzyme
b. the substrate concentration that gives one
half Vmax
c. the dissociation constant for the enzyme
substrate complex
d. half of the substrate concentration required
to achieve Vmax
19. An open system in which the growth
rate is maintained by adding a nutrient
(present in limiting quantities) at the same
rate as that medium containing
microorganisms is removed is called
a. culturostat
b. turbidostat
c. manostat
d. chemostat
Culturostat
Turbidostat turbidity and dilution rate
Manostat maintaining constant pressure
Chemostat fresh medium is continuously
added at the same rate as the removal of
products, left over nutrients and
microorganisms
19. An open system in which the growth
rate is maintained by adding a nutrient
(present in limiting quantities) at the same
rate as that medium containing
microorganisms is removed is called
a. culturostat
b. turbidostat
c. manostat
d. chemostat
20. The lock and key theory in
enzyme kinetics is proposed by
a. Fischer
b. Mehler
c. Sorensen
d. Sanger
Emil Fischer lock and key
Gustav Ferdinand Mehler conical functions;
Mehler formula; Mehler-Fock transform
Soren Peder Lauritz Sorensen pH
Frederick Sanger structure of proteins,
especially insulin; Sanger sequencing