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Balanced Diet and Digestion Essentials

This document discusses factors that determine a balanced diet and the human digestive system. It notes that a balanced diet contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water in proper quantities based on age, sex, job, health and other factors. It describes the stages of digestion that break down food, including in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. The document outlines the roles of the liver, pancreas and other organs and explains that undigested waste is eliminated through defecation. It stresses the importance of maintaining a balanced diet and healthy eating habits.

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4 views24 pages

Balanced Diet and Digestion Essentials

This document discusses factors that determine a balanced diet and the human digestive system. It notes that a balanced diet contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber and water in proper quantities based on age, sex, job, health and other factors. It describes the stages of digestion that break down food, including in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine where nutrients are absorbed. The document outlines the roles of the liver, pancreas and other organs and explains that undigested waste is eliminated through defecation. It stresses the importance of maintaining a balanced diet and healthy eating habits.

Uploaded by

nbaini15
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

DATE:………..

DAY:…………..

Chapter 2
The importance of a
balanced diet
Factors that determine a balanced diet

1. Diet  refers to the food and drinks that we


consume daily
2. A balanced diet  contains carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, fibre and
water in the correct quantities and
proportions.
3. A balanced diet varies according to:
 Age
Size
Sex
Job
Climate
State of health
4. The calorific value of food:
 Energy in food is measured in joules (J) or
calories (cal)
1 calorie (cal) = 4.2 joules (J)
 The calorific value of food is the amount of
heat energy released when 1 gram of food is
completely burnt in the air.
5. Diseases caused by unbalanced diet
 Obesity excess of carbohydrates and fats
 Heart diseases, blocked blood vessel, high
blood pressure excess of fats
 Anorexia who follows too strict a diet to
lose weight
 Kwashiorkor insufficient protein
 Liver and kidney problem excess protein
Dental decay, diabetes too much sugar
High blood pressure, heart disease too
much salt(mineral)
Constipation insufficient fibre
Malnutritionshortage of certain nutrients
HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The Human Digestive System
1. Digestion  is the process of breaking down
large and complex food substances into smaller,
simpler molecules.
2. The digestive system is made up of alimentary
canal, salivary glands, liver, pancreas and gall
bladder.
3. The alimentary canal:
mouthoesophagusstomachduodenum
small intestinelarge intestinerectum
anus
Absorption of digested food
1. The products of digestion (glucose, amino
acids, fatty acids and glycerol) are absorbed
into the blood circulatory system and the
lymphatic system.
(Occur: in small intestines)
2. Absorption depends on the large surface area
of the small intestine coming into close
contact with the blood vessel.
LYMPATHIC SYSTEM
3. The walls of the small intestines are have
folds in the lining with villi.
(1=villus, >1=villi)
4. Each villus has a network of blood capillaries
and a lacteal.
5. The villi increase the surface area of the small
intestine. So, the absorbed of digested food
becomes more effective.
6. Glucose, amino acids, minerals ,
vitamins BC are absorbed into the blood
capillaries
7. Fatty acids and glycerol, vitamins
ADEK are absorbed into the lacteal
Reabsorption of water and defecation
1. Reabsorption of water occur at large intestine.
2. Most of the water in the material left in the
gut is reabsorbed. The rest will be removed as
faeces (najis).
3. The faeces is kept in the rectum.
4. The presence of faeces in the rectum
produces a desire to remove the faeces
through the anus
5. The process of removing faeces  defecation
(penyahtinjaan)
6. A large portion of the undigested food
materials in the large intestine consists of
fibre.
7. Fibre cannot be digested because our body is
unable to produce an enzyme to digest it.
8. A diet lacking in fibre causes constipation
(sembelit) because fibre promotes peristalsis
in the large intestine.
Summary
Digestion , absorption and use of food in human
Nutrients Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

Digestion Amylase Protease Lipase


(mouth) (stomach, (pancreas,
Pancreatic pancreas, small
amylase small intestine)
(pancreas) intestine)
Maltase (small
intestine)

End Glucose Amino acids Fatty acids


products and glycerol

Absorption in small intestine


Healthy eating habits
1. We should eat in moderation. Eating too
much or too little can be dangerous and
unhealthy.
2. To maintain good health, we should eat
nutritious food. The food we eat must be
balanced.
3. We must avoid eating junk food.
4. The sugar and salt content in junk food is
very high. Junk food also contains
preservatives, artificial flavourings nad
colourings.
5. We should have good eating habits. We
should eat three meals a day.
6. Malaysians are of different races and
religious and they each have different food
cultures.
Thank you……..

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