Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
ASTM- C 187 04
Significance and Use:
This test method is intended to be used to determine the
amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes
for testing.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Apparatus
1. Devices for Determining Mass.
2. Glass graduates (200 or 250) ml capacity.
3. Vicat apparatus with the plunger end, 10 mm in diameter.
4. Electrical mixer (or by hand) , trowel and containers.
5. Mixing glass plate 30cm x 30cm.
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[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Temperature and Humidity
The temperature of the air in the vicinity of the mixing slab,
the dry cement, molds, and base plates shall be maintained
between 20 and 27.5 C (68 and 81.5 F).
The temperature of the mixing water shall not vary from
23.0 C (73.5 F) by more than 2.0 C (3.5 F).
The relative humidity of the laboratory shall be not less than
50 %.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Procedure:
1. Weigh 650 g of cement
2. Place all the mixing water in the bowl.
3. Add the cement to the water and allow 30 s for a absorption
of the water.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Cont
5. Start the mixer at low speed for 30 s
6. Stop for (15 s) and make sure no materials have collected
on the sides of the bowel.
7. Start mixing at medium speed for (1 min).
8. Quickly form the cement paste into the approximate shape
of a ball with gloved hands.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Cont.
9. Putting hand at (15cm) distance, throw the cement paste
ball from hand to hand six times.
10. Press the ball into the larger end of the conical ring,
completely fill the ring with paste.
11. Remove the excess at the larger end by a single movement
of the palm of the hand.
12. Place the ring on its larger end on the base of the plate of
Vicat apparatus.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Cont.
13. Slice off the excess paste at the smaller end at the top of the ring
by a single sharpended trowel and smooth the top.
14. During these operations of cutting and smoothing, take care
not to compress the paste.
15. Center the paste under the plunger end which shall be brought in
contact with the surface of the paste, and tighten the set-screw.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Cont.
16. Set the movable indicator to the upper zero mark of the scale or
take an initial reading, and release the rod immediately. This must
not exceed 30 seconds after completion of mixing.
17. The paste shall be of normal consistency when the rod settles to a
point 101mm below the original surface in 30 seconds after
being released.
18. Make trial paste with varying percentages of water until the
normal consistency is obtained. Make each trial with fresh
cement.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Cont.
19. Draw the penetration w/c curve.
From the curve state the w/c% which will give (10mm) that is
the percentage for Normal Consistency.
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Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
Calculation
Calculate the amount of water required for normal consistency to the
nearest 0.1 % and report it to the nearest 0.5 % of the weight of the
dry cement.
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test1 Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement
discussion
1. Discuss why Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement test is
Important?
2. With finer cement particle size, would more or less water be
required to achieve the normal consistency? Briefly explain.
3. What are the main factor effect Consistency?
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Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Setting time is the term used to describe the stiffening of the
cement paste, and it refers to a change from a fluid state to a
rigid state.
Time of initial set: The time at which the concrete can no
longer be properly mixed.
(Represented by a Vicat needle ( 1mm in diameter)
penetration of 25 mm or less
Time of final set: The time required for the cement to
harden to a point where it can sustain some load.
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Note:
According to ASTM C150
Initial time of setting, not less than 45 min.
Final time of setting, not more than 375 min
Factors affecting setting time:
1. Temperature and humidity.
2. Amount of water (w/c)
3. Chemical composition of Cement
4. Fineness of cement ( finer cement = faster setting).
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Apparatus:
1. Vicat Apparatus with the needle end, 1mm in diameter.
2. BalanceDevice.
3. Glass Graduates (200 or 250) ml capacity.
4. A trowel and containers.
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Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Procedure
1. Weigh (650) gm cement.
2. Prepare amount of water as to that calculated in normal
consistency test.
3. Prepare a cement paste following same steps mentioned in
the previous test (test No.1). Place in Vicat conical ring like
test No.1
4. Place specimen ring under Vicat apparatus and lock needle
on surface of paste. Set indicator scale to zero.
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Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Cont
5. Don't forget to record the time since the cement is added to
the water.
6. Release weighted needles and record the penetration in mm
after 30 seconds.
7. Repeat process every fifteen minutes until initial set is
achieved.
8. Repeat processes every hour until final set is achieved.
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
9. Record the results of all penetration, then by drawing a curve
determine the time when a penetration of 25 mm is obtained. This
is the initial setting time
10. The final setting time is when the needle dose not sinks visible
into the paste.
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Calculation
The setting time for the given cement sample are found to
be :
Initial setting (Represented by a Vicat needle penetration of
25 mm) = ..minutes
Final setting time =.minutes
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017 Duhok Polytechnic University
Test2 Set Time Test ASTM C 191-04
Discussion
1. Does the initial setting time satisfy the requirements of the ASTM
Standards?
2. Discuss briefly the significance of determining the initial and final setting
times.
3. If the initial setting time is not qualified, can we use the cement in
engineering?
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Thank You
Duhok Polytechnic University
[Link] Kamal Askar 3 July 2017