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Guide to Earthing Systems in Electrical Installations

Earthing systems are an important consideration in electrical installation design and are regulated by BS 7671 standards. There are several types of earthing systems: TN-S uses separate conductors for protective earth (PE) and neutral; TN-C-S combines earth and neutral but keeps them separate after the mains supply; TT provides earth from local earth electrodes rather than through the supply; TN-C combines earth and neutral along their entire length; and IT uses a high-impedance connection to earth for safety purposes. The choice of earthing system affects both safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply.

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Harish Gouda
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49 views17 pages

Guide to Earthing Systems in Electrical Installations

Earthing systems are an important consideration in electrical installation design and are regulated by BS 7671 standards. There are several types of earthing systems: TN-S uses separate conductors for protective earth (PE) and neutral; TN-C-S combines earth and neutral but keeps them separate after the mains supply; TT provides earth from local earth electrodes rather than through the supply; TN-C combines earth and neutral along their entire length; and IT uses a high-impedance connection to earth for safety purposes. The choice of earthing system affects both safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply.

Uploaded by

Harish Gouda
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EARTHINGSYSTEM

Earthingisoneofthefirstthings
toconsiderwhendesigningan
electricalinstallation.
Hereweprovideanelectricians
guidetoearthingsystemsandthe
BS7671regulationsrelatingto
them.
STRUCTUREOFEARTH
TYPESOFEARTHINGSYSTEM

TNS
TNCS

TT

TNC

IT
WHATDOTHESECODESRELATE
TO?

T=[Link]
(FromtheFrenchwordforground:Terre).
N=[Link]
network.
S=Separate.

C=Combined.

I=[Link],unless
throughahighimpedance.
TYPEOFEARTHINGSYSTEM
SHOULDBEUSED
Itisimperativethattherighttypeofelectrical
earthingsystemischosensinceitwillaffectboth
safetyandtheelectromagneticcompatibilityof
thepowersupply.
ProvidingaProtectiveEarth(PE)connection
willensurethatallexposedconductivesurfaces
havethesameelectricalpotentialastheearths
surface,therebypreventinganyonetouchingthe
deviceinthecaseofashortcircuitfromsuffering
[Link]
PEconnectiontogiverisetoagreatlyincreased
currentflow,triggeringfusesandcircuitbreakers
anddisconnectingthepowersupply.
TNSEARTHNETURALSEPERATE
TNSEARTHNETURALSEPERATE
Thistypeofelectricalearthingsystemconnects
theneutralsourceofenergywiththeearthat
onepointonly(orasnearaspracticallypossible),
andwiththeconsumersearthingterminal
commonlyconnectedtothemetallicsheathor
armourofthedistributorsservicecableintothe
premises.
WithaTNSthePEconnectionandNare
separateconductorsthatareconnectedtogether
onlynearthepowersource.
TNCSEARTHNETURAL
COMDINEDSEPRRATE
TNCSEARTHNEUTRALCOMBINED
Id
1
2
N 3
N

PEN PE PE

SCPD

Rd
Ud
RB
TNCS(PME)EARTHNETURAL
COMDINEDSEPRRATE
ATNCSearthingsystem,typicallyknownas
ProtectiveMultipleEarthing(PME),connectsthe
supplyneutralconductorofadistributionmain
withearthatcourseandatintervalsalongits
stretch.
Theneutralconductorisalsousedtoreturn
earthfaultscurrentssafelytosourcebythe
provisionofaconsumersearthingterminal
linkedtotheincomingneutralconductor.
TT
TT
Theneutraloftheenergysourceisconnectedas
withtheTNSsystem.
Howeverthereisnoprovisionfortheconsumers
earthing.
Thereforetheymustprovidetheirown
connectiontoearth.
TNCEARTHNEUTRALCOMBINED
TNCEARTHANDNEUTRAL
COMBINED
ThistypesofearthingbothEarth&Neutralare
takenassameconductor.
ThisisotherwisecalledasaProtectiveEarth
NeutralSystem
Thistypesofearthingsystemusedin
ITISOLATEDEARTH
ITISOLATEDEARTH
ItsPrincipletheTransformerneutralisearthed
butistheoreticallyunearthed.
Inactualfactitisnaturallyearthedbythestay
CapacitiesoftheN/WCableand/orvoluntarily
byahighimpedanceofaround1500&
(impedanceearthednetural)
Theelectricalloadframesareearthed.

ThankYou

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